锂离子电池失效分析中的几种物性表征技术及其应用  

Physical characterization techniques and applications in lithium battery failure analysis

作　　者：张建茹 王其钰[1] 李庆浩 张献英 王碧童 禹习谦[1] 李泓[1] ZHANG Jianru;WANG Qiyu;LI Qinghao;ZHANG Xianying;WANG Bitong;YU Xiqian;LI Hong(Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;College of Physics,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100190 [2]青岛大学物理科学学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《储能科学与技术》2025年第1期286-309,共24页Energy Storage Science and Technology

基　　金：工信部新能源汽车动力电池全生命周期检测验证公共服务平台项目(2022-235-224)。

摘　　要：锂离子电池失效分析是关乎电池研发、老化机制解析及电池梯次利用的重要课题,分析结果的准确性离不开对材料和器件性能参数的准确测试和表征。现有物性表征技术较多,相关测试项目、测试周期、样品制备以及设备普及性的不同导致其使用频率和应用场景有所差异。同时,越来越多的先进表征技术逐渐被应用到锂离子电池的表征分析及机理研究中来,如同步辐射技术、中子衍射、核磁共振等。本文介绍了锂离子电池失效分析中几种使用频率较高和功能较为前沿的物性表征技术,综述了不同技术在锂离子电池材料器件表征分析和失效机制研究中的应用案例,希望能够助力科研人员更好更快地选择合适的表征手段,为锂离子电池失效分析提供更直接有力的数据支撑。Lithium-ion battery failure analysis is a critical area in battery research and development,aging mechanism studies,and battery cascade utilization.The reliability of analysis results depends on the accurate testing and characterization of materials and device performance parameters.Currently,numerous methods are available for characterizing the physical properties of battery materials and devices.However,variations in test items,test cycles,sample preparation,and equipment popularization influence the frequency and selection of these techniques.For instance,scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction have become fundamental methods for analyzing material morphology and structure.Advanced characterization technologies such as synchrotron radiation,secondary ion mass spectrometry,and nuclear magnetic resonance are increasingly applied to investigate lithium-ion battery testing and failure research.This study reviews several mainstream and advanced physical characterization methods in lithium-ion battery analysis.In addition,this study highlights the best characterization directions of various technologies based on their working principles to address the specific issues related to failure mechanisms,providing valuable guidance for researchers in selecting the appropriate characterization methods to enhance their analysis and offer stronger evidence for failure analysis.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 表征技术 失效分析 

分 类 号：TQ152[化学工程—电化学工业]