灌溉方式对玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Pattern on Lodging Resistance of Maize Stalks

作　　者：姚森崇 张国强[2] 侯鹏[2] 明博[2] 王克如[2] 谢瑞芝[2] 李少昆 薛军[1,2] YAO Sen-chong;ZHANG Guo-qiang;HOU Peng;MING Bo;WANG Ke-ru;XIE Rui-zhi;LI Shao-kun;XUE Jun(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture/National Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室/作物基因资源与育种全国重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第1期66-76,共11页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ZDRW202004)。

摘　　要：设置6.0×10^(4)~13.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2)渐密的6个密度水平,漫灌、沟灌、滴灌3种灌溉方式,研究不同种植密度和灌溉方式对玉米植株形态、基部节间干物质积累、茎秆机械强度等变化趋势,明确灌溉方式对玉米茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响。与漫灌和沟灌相比,滴灌的茎秆抗折断力在吐丝期分别提高11.1%~16.7%和8.7%~11.4%,成熟期分别提高14.3%~31.1%和8.2%~19.4%;滴灌第3节间单位长度干重在吐丝期分别提高7.6%~17.4%和6.6%~10.9%,成熟期分别提高15.0%~31.9%和8.4%~14.3%。滴灌可以通过提高茎秆基部节间直径和干物质积累以获得更高的茎秆强度来抵抗倒伏。Six density levels of 6.0×10^(4)-13.5×10^(4) plants/hawere set up,and three irrigation methods,including flood irrigation,furrow irrigation and drip irrigation,were used to study the changing trends of different planting densities and irrigation methods on maize plant morphology,dry matter accumulation at basal internodes,mechanical strength of stalks,and the effects of irrigation methods on lodging resistance of maize stalks were clarified.Compared with flood irrigation and furrow irrigation,the stem fracture resistance increased by 11.1%-16.7%and 8.7%-11.4%at silking stage,and increased by 14.3%-31.1%and 8.2%-19.4%at maturity stage,respectively.The dry weight per unit length of the third internode of drip irrigation increased by 7.6%-17.4%and 6.6%-10.9%at the silking stage,and increased by 15.0%-31.9%and 8.4%-14.3%at the maturity stage,respectively.Drip irrigation can resist lodging by increasing the diameter of the stem basal internodes and dry matter accumulation to obtain higher stem strength.

关 键 词：玉米 灌溉方式 密度 茎秆抗折断力 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]