人体热舒适需求的一致性与差异性  

The consistency and differences of human thermal comfort needs

作　　者：杨柳[1,2] 孙震 李艳艳[1,2] 高斯如 王雪[1,2] 翟永超 Yang Liu;Sun Zhen;Li Yanyan;Gao Siru;Wang Xue;Zhai Yongchao

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院 [2]西安建筑科技大学绿色建筑全国重点实验室

出　　处：《当代建筑》2025年第1期52-59,共8页Contemporary Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(课题)“建筑碳排放时空特征与耦合减碳原理”(52394221);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“青少年代谢产热发展特征及对热舒适的影响”(52308113)。

摘　　要：在“健康中国”国家战略背景下,营造健康舒适的建筑环境是增进人民健康福祉的关键。现行国内外热舒适标准普遍基于PMV模型,将室内舒适温度限定在一个狭窄的范围内,并极力追求无偏差、无刺激的稳态室内环境。然而,大量研究表明,人们的热舒适需求并非一成不变,会受年龄、性别及外部因素的影响,尤其对于儿童和老年人等敏感群体来说,基于他们的生理机能特点,其心理和生理等方面与中青年群体有显著差异。本研究从热舒适理论出发,系统阐述了人体通过生理热调节机制维持热平衡的一致性规律,并在此基础上探讨了性别和年龄等个体因素对热舒适需求差异化的影响,为建筑热环境营造从集中控制向个性化调节的范式转变提供理论支持。Under the national strategy of"Healthy China",creating a healthy and comfortable built environment is essential for improving public health and well-being.Consequently,balancing the consistency and differences of human thermal comfort needs has become a core challenge in achieving comprehensive and personalized health security.At present,current thermal comfort standards worldwide predominantly adopt the PMV model as the guiding framework for indoor environment design and operation,strictly confining indoor comfort temperature within a narrow range and striving for a steady-state environment with no deviation or stimulus.However,extensive studies have demonstrated that the thermal comfort needs of occupants in a built environment are not static,but are influenced by a combination of factors,including gender,age and external conditions.The PMV model,based on the concept of"averaging",is evidently insufficient to meet the thermal comfort needs of all building occupants.This paper,grounded in thermal comfort theory,systematically elucidates the physiological,physical,and behavioral processes through which the human body maintains thermal balance under varying thermal environments.It further clarifies the combined effects of environmental parameters,such as air temperature,relative humidity,air velocity,and mean radiant temperature,as well as individual parameters,including clothing insulation and metabolic rate,on human thermal comfort.It is evident that the physiological thermoregulation process of the human body and the heat exchange between the body and the external environment serve as the physiological and physical foundations of thermal comfort research.Together,these mechanisms generate psychological perceptual feedback,such as thermal sensation and thermal comfort,which lead individuals to exhibit similar thermal comfort needs under different environmental conditions.Nevertheless,individuals exhibit differences in their perception of thermal environments.On the one hand,individuals vary in their psychologica

关 键 词：热舒适 热敏感性 生理热调节 个体差异 

分 类 号：TU111[建筑科学—建筑理论]