中国路域农田土壤多环芳烃污染特征和风险评价  

Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contamination in Roadside Farmland Soils of China

作　　者：赵冰帅 吴怡霏 李素鑫 欧阳秋 孙兴[1] 牟英[1] 高晓蓉[1] ZHAO Bing-shuai;WU Yi-fei;LI Su-xin;OUYANG Qiu;SUN Xing;MU Ying;GAO Xiao-rong(Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing,Ministry of Education,School of Bioengineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学生物工程学院,智能生物制造教育部重点实验室,大连116024

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第2期1076-1088,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3702301)。

摘　　要：随着交通日益发达和机动车保有量跃升,公路沿线农田土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染问题不容忽视.通过搜集近16 a来我国各地路域农田土壤污染的研究数据,对PAHs的整体污染水平、组成特征、主要来源、地域分布以及生态健康风险进行了系统分析.结果表明,我国路域农田土壤ω(∑_(16)PAHs)在86.40~3 568.00μg·kg^(-1)范围内,中位值为490.15μg·kg^(-1);PAHs各单体含量(以中位值计)在5.55~47.39μg·kg^(-1)范围内,其中菲的含量最高;PAHs组成以中高环(4~6环)为主,占总PAHs的56.81%,多数省份处于“轻度污染”甚至更高的污染程度.全国范围内PAHs的空间分布差异明显,污染程度从高到低依次为东北和西北地区、中部和东南沿海地区、西南地区.源解析结果表明,路域农田土壤中PAHs污染主要来自石油和天然气等燃料的混合燃烧源,污染程度与当地的石油、煤炭储量之间存在较强的正相关性.通过风险商值法、毒性当量法和健康风险评估模型这3种不同的评价方法对PAHs污染情况进行了生态和健康风险综合分析,结果显示出我国整体路域农田土壤的PAHs生态风险处于中度污染水平,而健康风险较为乐观.With the increasing development of transportation and the rise of motor vehicle ownership,the problem of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) pollution in roadside farmland soils cannot be ignored.This study examined the pollution levels,composition,sources,and health risks of PAHs in farmland soils along with highways in China,based on 16 years of soil data.The results indicated that the median concentration of 16 PAHs in China.s roadside farmland soils was 490.15 μg·kg~(-1),with a range of 86.40 to 3 568.00 μg·kg~(-1).The content of PAH monomers ranged from 5.55 to 47.39 μg·kg~(-1)(in median),with the highest content of phenanthrene.PAHs were mainly composed of medium to high molecular weight compounds(4 to 6 rings),which accounted for 56.81% of the total PAHs,and the content of PAHs in the majority of the provinces was in the range of “weakly contaminated” or an even higher pollution level.Significant spatial differences exist in the distribution of PAHs,with pollution levels ranging from high to low in northeastern and northwestern regions,central and southeastern coastal regions,and southwestern regions.Environmental climate,industrial development,resource exploitation,and other factors significantly influenced the PAH content in roadside farmland soil.Furthermore,source analysis demonstrated that PAH contamination in roadside farmland soils mainly came from mixed combustion sources of petroleum and natural gas,which was strongly and positively correlated with the local oil and coal reserves.Transport activities related to fossil fuel development have the most significant impact on the PAH content in roadside farmland soil.A comprehensive analysis of the ecological and health risks of PAH contamination was evaluated by three methods,namely the risk quotient,the toxic equivalency factor,and a health risk assessment model,which showed a moderate ecological risk and a low health risk.

关 键 词：多环芳烃(PAHs) 路域农田土壤 污染特征 空间分布 风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]