卫河流域新乡段土壤微塑料赋存特征及其生态风险评估  

Occurrence Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Microplastics in Xinxiang Section of Weihe River Basin

作　　者：张彦[1,2] 窦明[2] 王飞宇[3] 李开阳[1] 周雨泽 李平 郝松泽[4] 梁志杰 ZHANG Yan;DOU Ming;WANG Fei-yu;LI Kai-yang;ZHOU Yu-ze;LI Ping;HAO Song-ze;LIANG Zhi-jie(Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;School of Water Conservancy and Transportation,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Henan Provincial Technical Center for Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products on Water Environmental Factors,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,新乡453002 [2]郑州大学水利与交通学院,郑州450001 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [4]河南省生态环境技术中心,郑州450000 [5]农业农村部农产品质量安全水环境因子风险评估实验室,新乡453002

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第2期1168-1180,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52209076);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(IFI2023-16,Y2023PT08);河南省科技攻关项目(242102321119,222102320211,232102110065);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A570008)。

摘　　要：为了解卫河流域新乡段土壤中微塑料赋存特征,采集了不同土壤类型不同土层的土壤样品,土壤样品处理后利用安捷伦8700激光红外成像系统(LDIR)对微塑料进行鉴定,并运用聚合物风险指数法(H)和污染负荷指数法(PLI)对土壤微塑料的生态风险进行评估.结果表明,卫河流域新乡段土壤中聚氨酯(PU)和聚乙烯(PE)的微塑料占比较大,分别为17.57%和15.97%,微塑料粒径主要集中在20~100μm之间,其中20~50μm和50~100μm的占比分别为76.17%和15.56%,微塑料平均丰度为(4629±683)个·kg^(-1);各采样点土壤微塑料类型(P<0.001)、不同土层深度微塑料丰度(P<0.05)以及不同微塑料粒径(P<0.05)间具有显著的差异性,且各采样点微塑料丰度随着土层深度的增加基本上呈现减小的趋势,其中PU和PE分别在采样点S7和S3的丰度较大,分别为1587个·kg^(-1)和960个·kg^(-1);各采样点土壤微塑料生态风险基本上随着土层深度的增加呈现降低的趋势,采样点S7土壤微塑料生态风险处于高风险,采样点S6处于低风险,其他采样点均处于中风险.To understand the occurrence characteristics of microplastics in the soil of the Xinxiang section of the Weihe River Basin,the soil samples of different soil types and different soil layers were collected,soil microplastics were identified using the Agilent 8700 laser direct infrared(LDIR) chemical imaging system,and the ecological risks of soil microplastics were assessed using the polymer risk index(H) and pollution load index(PLI).The results showed that the proportions of polyurethane(PU) and polyethylene(PE) were 17.57% and 15.97%,respectively,in the soil of the Xinxiang section of Weihe River Basin;the particle diameter of microplastics mainly ranged from 20 to 100 μm,and the proportions of 20 to 50 μm and 50 to 100 μm were 76.17% and 15.56%,respectively;and the average abundance of microplastics was(4 629±683) n·kg~(-1).Significant differences exist in soil microplastic type(P<0.001) and microplastic abundance at different soil depths(P<0.05).The microplastic particle diameter(P<0.05) at each sampling site and the microplastic abundance at each sampling site decreased with the increase in soil depth.The abundance of PU and PE at sampling sites S7 and S3 was 1 587 n·kg~(-1) and 960 n·kg~(-1),respectively.The ecological risk of soil microplastics at each sampling site decreased with the increase in soil depth;the ecological risk of soil microplastics at sampling site S7 was at high risk,sampling site S6 was at low risk,and other sampling sites were at medium risk.

关 键 词：微塑料(MPs) 土壤 赋存特征 风险评估 卫河流域 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]