《反电信网络诈骗法》的均衡实现:预防性秩序和正当性权益之间  

Balanced Realization of Anti-Telecom and Online Fraud Law:Between Preventive Order and Legitimate Rights

作　　者：单勇 Shan Yong

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2025年第1期40-64,共25页Law and Social Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数据正义视域下犯罪的技术治理均衡发展研究”(20BFX066)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《反电信网络诈骗法》以治理性规范、义务性规范为主体内容。其既致力于预防性秩序的建构,也强调秩序建构不能突破正当性权益保障的法治原则。《反电信网络诈骗法》的适用面临预防性秩序建构受法律明确性不足制约、正当性权益保障受预防性措施负效应影响等困境。鉴于该法以数字科层为内在结构,其适用所面临的双重困境实质在于反电信网络诈骗数字科层的法治建构不足,具体表现在主体关系失衡和反制技术失序两方面。为此,应促进预防性秩序与正当性权益的均衡实现。一方面,应通过分散性配套规则与系统性配套规则的法律续制,助力反电信网络诈骗法律制度的精细化适用,推动秩序建构从“框架型”转向“精细型”;另一方面,应对预防性措施作出趋向良法善治的价值对齐和规范续制,包括履行反电信网络诈骗义务的看门人的权益保障补强、反电信网络诈骗算法应用的正当性审查、申诉核查机制的完善等。Anti-Telecom and Online Fraud Law takes norms of governance and obligation as the main content.It aims to construct a preventive order while emphasizing that such construction must adhere to the rule of law principles that protect rights.The application of Anti-Telecom and Online Fraud Law is faced with dilemmas that the construction of preventive order is restricted by the insufficient clarity of the law,and the protection of rights is eroded by the negative effects of preventive measures.Given that the internal structure of this law is digital bureaucracy,the essence of dilemmas lies in the deficiencies in the construction of the rule of law,including the imbalance of the subject relationship and the disorder of the countermeasure technologies.So,a balanced realization between preventive order and legitimate rights should be promoted.On the one hand,through the continued formulation of both decentralized and systematic rules,the refined application of anti-fraud legal mechanisms could be supported,transitioning the construction of order from a“framework-based”to a“precision-based”approach.On the other hand,value adjustments and continued normative development should be applied to preventive measures,aligning them with the principles of the rule of law and good governance.This includes strengthening the protection of the rights of gatekeepers in the fulfillment of anti-fraud obligations,reviewing the legitimacy of the application of anti-fraud algorithms,and improving the procedures for appeals and verification.

关 键 词：《反电信网络诈骗法》 犯罪治理 预防性秩序 正当性权益 数字科层 法律续制 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]