清华简《大夫食礼》所见部分名物、仪节研究  

A Study Of The Nominal Things and Etiquette in Tsinghua Manuscript Da Fu Shi Li

作　　者：李卿蔚 LI Qingwei

机构地区：[1]清华大学出土文献研究与保护中心,北京100084

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2025年第1期64-81,127,共19页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“礼器分类系统重构及器名用字溯源研究”(24CZS122)。

摘　　要：简文中记录的“■”“鼎”之功能可与《公食大夫礼》中的“粗”“■”相对应,但“■”与“粗”的名义皆有差别。文献中多以“■”通称承托器,而“■”地位应高于“■(梡)”“㭾”等器。简文中“■”“鼎”对称的情况,证明彼时楚地食礼中存在以数件“翼”类礼器与“三鼎”“三铏”配合使用的情况。简文中“■”的功能和地位,与三礼记载相符。既往楚简中所见的“膚”字旧释为“毅”,经与出土器物对照,此字盖为“厄”。此外,简文仅言“■”而不言“洗”,与礼书中的仪节设置不同;而文中“(厨)人”一职所对应的,应即《仪礼》中的“宰夫”。《大夫食礼》记载的名物、仪节,与《仪礼》的区别主要体现在三方面,一是文本和用字的区别;二是仪节、流程简化;三是楚地仪节和礼器本身存在的差异。The function of"Wan""Ding"in this bamboo script could be corresponded with"Zu""Xing"in the classic Gong Si Da Fu Li.But there are differences in their nomenclature and significance.In the classics,"Zu"is used to be a general designation of support trays,it has a higher status than Wan"and"Jue".The corresponding examples of"Ding""Wan"proved that there were occasions demanding"Wan"and"Three Ding""Three Xing"to be coordinated in the catering rituals of Chu state.The function and status of"Zhi"in the manuscript are in accord with the Three Rituals.There is a character that used to be found in the bamboo script,which is interpreted as"Hu".According to the contrast with the unearthed artifacts,this character is probably the variant of"Zhi".In addition,the manuscript merely recorded"Guan"and no sign of"Xi",thus the etiquette settings are diferent with the classics.The occupation"Chu Ren"could be corresponded with"Zai Fu"of the Etiquette.The differences of the nominal things and etiquette in Da Fu Shi Li and in the Etiquette are mainly reflected in three aspects.Firstly,the difference between text and diction;secondly,the simplification of etiquette and process;thirdly,the inherent differences of the etiquette and implements in Chu state.

关 键 词：清华简 食礼 礼器 《仪礼》 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]