河南省老年人疫苗未种原因及影响因素分析——一项基于新冠疫苗数据的病例对照研究  

Analysis of non-vaccination reasons and their influencing factors among elderly people in Henan Province:A case-control study based on the data of COVID-19 vaccine

作　　者：白祎然 欧柳阳 路明霞[1] 张明瑜[1] 王长双[1] 王燕[1] 马雅婷[1] 肖占沛[1] 张延炀[1] BAI Yiran;OU Liuyang;LU Mingxia;ZHANG Mingyu;WANG Changshuang;WANG Yan;MA Yating;XIAO Zhanpei;ZHANG Yanyang(Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2025年第1期24-29,38,共7页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关联合共建项目(LHGJ20210143)。

摘　　要：目的以新冠疫苗为例,分析河南省≥60岁老年人疫苗未种原因及其影响因素,为促进老年人群疫苗接种提供依据和参考。方法2022年8—9月,采用非匹配病例对照研究,随机选取河南省未接种新冠疫苗的≥60岁老年人和同村或同社区有新冠疫苗接种史的≥60岁老年人,以问卷调查的形式进行调查,了解未种原因并采用多因素logistic回归分析影响疫苗接种的因素。结果共收回有效问卷2975份,其中有接种史1537份,无接种史1438份。1438名无接种史的被调查者中,所有未种原因被选择了2272次,未种原因主要是自认为自己不能接种867次(38.2%)、接种单位或临床医生认为不能接种704次(31.0%)、认为感染新冠病毒的可能性小244次(10.7%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(70~<80岁:OR=0.741,95%CI:0.563~0.974;≥80岁:OR=0.742,95%CI:0.568~0.970)、同住人疫苗接种情况(全部接种:OR=43.983,95%CI:22.935~84.347;部分接种:OR=16.687,95%CI:8.272~33.659)、是否患慢性疾病(有慢性病,但已得到控制:OR=0.201,95%CI:0.154~0.261;有慢性病,但未得到控制:OR=0.031,95%CI:0.022~0.044)、是否有流感、肺炎等疫苗接种史(OR=1.917,95%CI:1.247~2.945)、是否定期体检(OR=1.364,95%CI:1.064~1.750)、是否能独立日常活动(OR=4.632,95%CI:3.519~6.099)、居住区域提供新冠疫苗上门接种服务(OR=1.554,95%CI:1.143~2.114)、向临床医生咨询能否能接种新冠疫苗(OR=0.609,95%CI:0.443~0.835)对≥60岁老年人是否接种疫苗有影响。结论自认为不能接种是老年人未种新冠疫苗的首位原因,可通过加强对疫苗可预防疾病知识宣传和普及、提供上门接种等方式,持续优化接种服务,促进老年人群疫苗接种。Objective To analyze the non-vaccination reasons and their influencing factors among the elderly people aged 60 years and older in Henan Province taking the COVID-19 vaccine as an example,and provide evidence and reference for optimizing vaccination among the elderly.Methods From August-September 2022,unmatched case-control study was conducted.The people aged 60 years and older who did not receive COVID-19 vaccine in Henan Province or,were selected randomly as non-vaccinated group,and the people aged 60 years and older who had the history of COVID-19 vaccination and lived in the same village or community as vaccinated group.The survey were carried out with questionnaire for understand non-vaccination reasons;multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results A total of 2975 valid questionnaires were returned,of which 1537 had a history of vaccination and 1438 did not.Of the 1438 respondents without the history of vaccination,the reasons for not vaccinating were chosen 2272 times.The main reasons included as follows:they thought that they could not be vaccinated(867 times;38.2%),not being able to be vaccinated according to the vaccination clinic or clinician(704 times;31.0%),and believing that their likelihood of being infected with COVID-19 was low(244 times;10.7%).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age(70-<80 years:OR=0.741,95%CI:0.563-0.974;≥80 years:OR=0.742,95%CII:0.568-0.970),vaccination status of cohabitants(all vaccinated:OR=43.983,95%CI:22.935-84.347;partially vaccinated:OR=16.687,95%CI:8.272-33.659),presence of chronic disease(having chronic disease,but controlled:OR=0.201,95%CI:0.154-0.261;having chronic disease,but not controlled:OR=0.031,95%CI:0.022-0.044),history of influenza and pneumonia vaccination(OR=1.917,95%CI:1.247-2.945),regular medical checkups(OR=1.364,95%CI:1.064-1.750),and being able to perform independent daily activities(OR=4.632,95%CI:3.519-6.099),providing door-to-door vaccination services in the community(OR=1.554,

关 键 词：新冠疫苗 老年人 预防接种 未种原因 影响因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]