活动星系核吸积盘内的超新星爆发  

Core-collapse supernova explosions in active galactic nucleus accretion disks

作　　者：李傅临 胡茂凯 雷享礼 耿金军 范霄 韩园珍 王宝 杨轩 吴雪峰[1,2] Fulin Li;Maokai Hu;Xiangli Lei;Jinjun Geng;Xiao Fan;Yuanzhen Han;Bao Wang;Xuan Yang;&Xuefeng Wu(Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Astronomy and Space Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Physics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院紫金山天文台,南京210023 [2]中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院,合肥230026 [3]清华大学物理系,北京100084 [4]华中科技大学物理学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第3期326-337,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12321003)资助。

摘　　要：2019年,LIGO-Virgo引力波探测器成功捕获到一例恒星级双黑洞并合事件GW190521.约34 d后,Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)巡天项目在活动星系核(active galactic nucleus,AGN)J124942.3+344929中探测到一例可能与之成协的光学暂现源信号ZTF19abanrhr,这一发现暗示了AGN吸积盘中可能存在双黑洞并合事件.AGN吸积盘作为一个高温高密的环境,其内部发生的天文事件物理过程和观测特性与星际介质中的事件有着显著不同.AGN吸积盘本身作为引力源可以俘获周围的恒星及致密星,且吸积盘外区在引力不稳定作用下也可以形成恒星.这些前身星在AGN吸积盘这一致密环境中,有可能通过物质吸积形成大质量恒星并产生超新星爆发.本文重点介绍AGN吸积盘中超新星前身星的动力学演化、超新星爆发能量来源及爆发时的辐射特征.从观测角度来看,我们预期发生在近邻(红移z<0.1)AGN吸积盘中的超新星事件,非常有希望被如EP(Einstein Probe)这样的X射线卫星以及像LSST(Large Synoptic Survey Telescope)、WFST(Wide Field Survey Telescope)这样的宽视场光学巡天望远镜所探测到.此外,本文简述AGN盘内超新星爆发数值模拟研究进展及盘内超新星爆发对吸积盘的反馈等效应,如AGN核区金属增丰及吸积盘黏滞增强.In 2015,for the first time,humans detected a gravitational wave event from a binary black hole merger using the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory(LIGO),ushering in the era of gravitational wave astronomy.After the O3 run,LIGO detected high-confidence events,including 89 cases of binary black hole mergers,2 cases of binary neutron star mergers,and 2 cases of neutron star-black hole mergers,greatly advancing our understanding of the formation and evolution of compact stars.Recently,the LIGO and Virgo collaboration detected a stellar-mass binary black hole merger event,GW190521,involving the merger of a stellar-mass binary black hole with masses of 85_(14)^(+21)M and 66_(-18)^(+17)M.Approximately 34 days after the discovery of the GW190521 event,the Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)telescope detected an optical signal,ZTF19abanrhr,in the active galactic nucleus(AGN)J124942.3+34492.9.Its position falls within the 90%confidence region of the spatial localization of GW190521.The possible association of this optical transient with GW190521 suggests that binary black hole merger events might occur within the accretion disk of an active galactic nucleus.As early as the 1990s,disk-planet interaction theories predicted the possibility of planet mergers within disks.This potential correlation has rapidly made the study of the formation,evolution,and mergers of binary compact stars within accretion disks of active galactic nuclei a frontier in international astrophysical research.The AGN accretion disk itself provides a high-temperature,high-density environment,leading to significant differences in the physical processes and observational characteristics of astronomical events occurring within it compared to those in the interstellar medium.The AGN disk,as a gravitational source,can capture surrounding stars and compact objects from nuclear star clusters,and the outer disk can also form stars under the influence of gravitational instability.These progenitor stars are prone to mass accretion in the dense environ

关 键 词：吸积 吸积盘 超新星 恒星风 喷流 

分 类 号：P145.3[天文地球—天体物理] P157.6[天文地球—天文学]