恒星级双黑洞的活动星系核形成通道  

Active galactic nucleus formation channel for stellar binary black holes

作　　者：杨舒程 田川宽通 韩文标[1,2,3] Shu-Cheng Yang;Hiromichi Tagawa;Wen-Biao Han(Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou 310124,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]国科大杭州高等研究院,杭州310124 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第3期353-362,共10页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2203002);国家自然科学基金(11773059,12173071,12473075)资助。

摘　　要：激光干涉引力波天文台(Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory,LIGO)等地基引力波探测器已经发现上百例致密双星并合引力波事件,其中绝大部分为双黑洞并合事件.这些恒星级双黑洞事件的天体物理起源和形成通道是天体物理中的一个非常重要的问题.其中,活动星系核(active galactic nucleus,AGN)在一些双黑洞引力波源形成的过程中可能起到了重要的作用.本文回顾了恒星级双黑洞在AGN吸积盘上形成的若干机制,给出了此类双黑洞的一些天体物理特征,并讨论了如何通过引力波和电磁波观测来确定双黑洞是否来自AGN吸积盘.Ground-based gravitational wave detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory(LIGO)have detected hundreds of compact binary coalescences,most of which are binary black hole mergers.The astrophysical origin and formation channel of these stellar binary black hole mergers is a fundamental problem in astrophysics.Among them,the active galactic nucleus(AGN)may play an important role in forming gravitational wave sources of some binary black holes.This paper reviews the formation mechanisms of stellar binary black holes on AGN disks,gives some astrophysical characteristics of such binary black holes,and discusses how to determine whether binary black holes come from AGN disks by gravitational wave and electromagnetic wave observations.Compact objects,including stellar-mass black holes,can be captured and embedded into AGN disks through dynamic interactions between nuclear star clusters and the AGN disk.Once inside the disk,these black holes interact with the surrounding gas,leading to migration.Black holes may become trapped in certain specific regions due to the accretion disk's physical conditions,commonly called migration traps.On the other hand,black holes can also open a gap in the AGN disk.In this case,the black holes interact with the gas that enters the gap,causing their migration speed to slow down.In AGN disks,black holes are expected to cluster in regions formed by migration traps and gaps.Due to dynamical effects or interactions with the gas in these regions,the black holes move closer together and eventually merge.Binary black holes formed within AGN disks exhibit a range of astrophysical characteristics.Black holes formed in the inner regions of the disk typically have lower mass ratios and higher expected effective spin parameters.In contrast,binary black holes formed in the disk's outer regions tend to have larger mass ratios,with their effective spin parameters distributed around zero.Additionally,binary black hole systems in AGN disks may show high orbital eccentricities,w

关 键 词：活动星系核 双黑洞 引力波 吸积盘 

分 类 号：P145.8[天文地球—天体物理] P157.6[天文地球—天文学]