世界一流大学建设的国际格局与中国行动方略——基于2003-2023年ARWU排名数据的分析  

International Landscape of World-Class University Construction and China's Action Plan

作　　者：林杰[1] 王儒雪 Lin jie;Wang Ruxue

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高等教育研究院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《江苏高教》2025年第2期86-94,共9页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：2024年度全国教育科学规划课题一般项目“新质生产力视域下世界一流大学建设的理念创新与实践探索研究”(BIA240154)。

摘　　要：一国拥有世界一流大学的数量与质量,是该国高等教育国际话语权强弱的显著标志。无论是传统高等教育发达国家,还是新兴高等教育后发国家,都纷纷谋划和建设世界一流大学,建设世界一流大学俨然已成国际潮流。在此情形之下,研判与把握世界一流大学建设的国际格局,既是总结与分析世界一流大学建设经验与实践成效的迫切需要,也是加快推进中国特色世界一流大学建设的时代要求。本研究以2003-2023年ARWU的排名数据为基本依据,采用简单赋值法和中位数处理法,并引入赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数,对世界一流大学建设的国际格局进行刻画与描绘。研究发现:2003年以来,ARWU排行榜前500名大学的国际分布总体趋向分散;中国建设世界一流大学的成效显著,上升势头迅猛;与美国相比中国依然存在较大差距,尤其缺乏世界顶尖大学,而且中国建设世界一流大学的战略梯队尚未形成。在新时代背景下,加快推进中国特色世界一流大学建设,要坚守世界一流大学建设的初心使命、增强世界一流大学建设的战略定力、筑牢世界一流大学建设的自信根基以及激发世界一流大学建设的基层活力。The quantity and quality of world-class universities in a country is a significant symbol of the country's international discourse power on higher education,and the construction of world-class universities has become an international trend.Under the circumstance,studying and grasping the international pattern of the construction of world-class universities is not only an urgent need to summarize and analyze the experience and practical effectiveness of the construction of world-class universities,but also a requirement of the times to accelerate the construction of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics.This study takes the ARWU ranking data from 2003 to 2023 as the basis,adopts the simple assignment method and median processing method,and introduces the Herfindahl-Hirschman index to portray and describe the international landscape of world-class university construction.The study finds that:since 2003,the international distribution of top 500 universities in the ARWU ranking has tended to be generally dispersed;China's construction of world-class universities has been remarkably effective,with a rapid upward momentum;there is still a big gap between China and the United States,and China especially lacks the world's top universities,and China's strategic echelon of world-class university construction of has not yet been formed.In the context of the new era,to accelerate the construction of world-class universities with Chinese characteristics,it is necessary to adhere to the original mission,enhance the strategic determination,consolidate the foundation of self-confidence and stimulate the vitality of the grass-roots level in the construction of world-class universities.

关 键 词：世界一流大学 国际格局 中国方位 行动方略 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]