起重机温度自补偿恒速落幅控制研究  

Research on Temperature Self-compensated Constant Velocity Lowering Control of Cranes

作　　者：刘增光[1,2] 冯珂 岳大灵[1,2] 魏列江[1,2] 苏利强 高宏飞 LIU Zengguang;FENG Ke;YUE Daling;WEI Liejiang;SU Liqiang;GAO Hongfei(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050;Key Laboratory of Advanced Pumps,Valves and Fluid Control System of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学特种泵阀及流控系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《液压与气动》2025年第2期108-117,共10页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅高校科研创新平台重大培育项目(2024CXPT-09)。

摘　　要：针对起重机落幅负载压力变化和油温干扰因素引起的落幅速度不均衡与操控困难问题,提出一种具有温度自补偿机制的恒速落幅控制方案,实现宽温域工况下的恒速落幅控制。通过分析起重机恒速落幅原理及变幅平衡阀流量特性,确定了变幅平衡阀流量与落幅角度相匹配的控制方法;利用AMESim软件获取的变幅平衡阀先导-流量-压差特性数据,构建了落幅控制器模型;在此基础上进行25、45、65℃三种油温的恒速落幅系统仿真,并结合实验进行验证。结果表明,该方案在宽温域工况下的恒速落幅角速度与设定信号的平均误差小于5%,可有效克服油温干扰,实现起重机的自动恒速落幅控制,为起重机控制系统优化提供一定参考。This study proposes a constant velocity lowering control scheme with temperature self-compensation mechanism to address the problems of uneven lowering velocity and difficult operation caused by changes in load pressure and oil temperature interference factors during crane lowering.The scheme achieves constant lowering velocity control under wide temperature range conditions.By analyzing the principle of constant velocity lowering of the crane and the flow characteristics of the variable amplitude counterbalance valve,a control method is determined that matches the flow rate of the variable amplitude counterbalance valve with the lowering angle.This study use AMESim software to obtain the pilot flow pressure difference characteristic data of the variable amplitude counterbalance valve and constructed a lowering controller model.On this basis,constant velocity lowering system simulations are conducted for three oil temperatures of 25、45、65℃,and verified through experiments.The results show that the average error between the constant velocity lowering angular velocity and the set signal of this scheme under wide temperature range conditions is less than 5%,which can effectively overcome oil temperature interference and achieve automatic constant velocity lowering control of the crane,providing a certain reference for optimizing the crane control system.

关 键 词：起重机 恒速落幅 温度补偿 变幅平衡阀 流量匹配控制 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]