家庭联产承包责任制的确立历程再探  

A Re-examination of the Process of Establishing the Household Contract Responsibility System

作　　者：刘照峰 Liu Zhaofeng

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中共党史研究》2024年第6期59-80,共22页CPC History Studies

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“家庭联产承包责任制省级决策研究(1978—1984)”(2023XJMY01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：改革开放初期,包产到户先是被禁止,后被允许在贫困地区推广,直至在全国范围内展开。尽管这一过程的根本动力在广大农民,但不可以简单地描述为农民选择双包到户。实际上,根据各地双包到户推行的实际情况,中央在每个阶段都给予了明确的政策指导,经历了三次政策转向。中央关于双包到户的政策转向也在各省的政策规定中反映出来,各省的相关政策规定虽不是亦步亦趋,但也基本与中央保持一致。三次政策转向反映了从中央到地方的领导人受限于包产到户仅适用于经济贫困地区的认识,意在限制双包到户的范围。但实践最终证明双包到户并不受经济发展水平的限制,家庭联产承包责任制在全国范围内得以确立。During the early period of China’s reform and opening,the practice of household contracting was ini-tially prohibited,but thereafter it was allowed to be promoted in the impoverished regions,and ultimately it was implemented nationwide.Although the driving force behind this process was primarily the rural population,it is o-verly simplistic to describe it merely as a voluntary move by farmers.In fact,based on actual implementation of the dual household contract system in the various regions,the central government provided explicit policy guid-ance at each stage of implementation,which underwent three significant shifts.These shifts in central policy were reflected in the provincial-level regulations.Although the provincial policies did not always exactly follow the cen-tral policies,they nevertheless were generally aligned with the central government’s approach.The three policy shifts show that both the central and local leaders initially viewed the household contract responsibility system as applicable only to the poor areas,and they intended to restrict its scope.However,the practice eventually demon-strated that the system was not constrained by the levels of economic development,thus leading to its nationwide establishment.

关 键 词：农业生产责任制 双包到户 家庭联产承包责任制 政策演变 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学] K275[政治法律—中共党史]