活劳动、人工智能与马克思的劳动价值学说  

“Living Labor”,Artificial Intelligence and Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

作　　者：阎孟伟[1] YAN Meng-wei

机构地区：[1]南开大学哲学院,天津300350

出　　处：《求是学刊》2025年第1期18-28,187,共12页Seeking Truth

基　　金：国家社科基金专项委托项目“辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义新编”(20@ZH017)。

摘　　要：人工智能科学技术的发展,使理论界对马克思劳动价值学说中关于活劳动的思想的重新理解引起了较大的争议。在马克思劳动价值学说中,“活劳动”是指在直接的物质生产活动中既保存价值又创造价值的劳动,因而是价值和剩余价值的唯一源泉。而在生产智能化过程中,人工智能技术的发展使人工智能机器具有了能够满足产品生产所需的智能性因素,从而能够代替生产工人成为活劳动的承担者,并具有创造价值的能力。某些学者否认人工智能机器可以创造价值主要是因为没有看到人工智能机器与非智能机器的本质差别。人工智能机器取代生产工人成为活劳动的承担者,能够把生产工人从繁重的体力劳动中解放出来,并给人们创造出更为充分的自由时间。但在以资本逻辑主导的经济形态中,自由时间很难得到公平的分配。我国致力于发展中国式现代化,构建高水平社会主义市场经济,应当合理限制资本逻辑起作用的范围,把增加国民的自由时间作为民生建设的重要内容。With the development of artificial intelligence(AI)science and technology,the re-understanding of the thought of“living labor”in Marx’s labor theory of value has caused great controversy.In Marx’s labor theory of value,living labor refers to labor in direct material production activities,which not only preserves value but also creates value.Therefore,it is the only source of value and surplus value.In the process of intelli-gent production,the development of AI technology makes AI machines possess intelligent factors that can meet the needs of product production,so that they can replace production workers as the undertaker of living labor with the ability to create value.Some scholars deny that AI machines can create value mainly because they don’t see the essential difference between AI machines and non-intelligent machines.AI machine replaces production workers as the undertaker of living labor,which can liberate production workers from heavy manual labor and create more sufficient“free time”for people.However,in the economic form domi-nated by capital logic,free time is difficult to be distributed fairly.In order to develop Chinese path to modern-ization and build a high-level socialist market economy,China should reasonably limit the scope of capital logic and take increasing the free time of citizens as an important content of people’s livelihood construction.

关 键 词：活劳动 人工智能 马克思劳动价值学说 自由时间 

分 类 号：F01[经济管理—政治经济学]