从马王堆医书《十问》归类问题浅论神仙与房中的关系  

On the relationship between immortals and sexual techniques based on the classification questions in the Mawangdui medical book of Shi Wen(Ten Questions)

作　　者：杨舒婷 顾漫[1] YANG Shuting;GU Man(Chinese Medical History Literature Institute,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中国医史文献所,北京100700

出　　处：《湖南中医药大学学报》2025年第1期130-134,共5页Journal of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程创新能力提升专项中医药探源溯流研究项目“基于出土文献文物的导引医学起源研究”(项目编号:CI2023E002T-02)。

摘　　要：竹简《十问》出土于马王堆三号汉墓,全篇分为10个部分,系以相互问答的形式编写而成。《十问》出土时与房中专书《合阴阳》合卷成一卷,文本又载有服食、食气、导引等神仙家常用的方法,学界对于《十问》应该归类于房中还是神仙尚有争议。本研究旨在探讨这一分类问题,通过对比《十问》与马王堆《去谷食气》、张家山《彻谷食气》《引书》等神仙家的导引食气专书,并参考其他相关出土与传世文献,梳理得出《十问》中有8问与神仙家导引食气服食的内容有密切关联。《十问》的神仙家相关文本内容可与其他神仙专书相互参照补充。神仙与房中关联紧密,并不可截然分开。房中和神仙家为积累精气、健康长寿,都藉助了导引食气服食的方法,无论是从目的还是方法上,其关联程度的确较高,不容忽视。The bamboo slips Shi Wen(Ten Questions)were unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tomb No.3.The entire text was divided into ten sections,compiled in the format of mutual question-and-answer.When Shi Wen(Ten Questions)was unearthed,it was found in the same scroll as the specialized book on sexual techniques titled He Yin Yang(Conjoining Yin and Yang).The text also contains common Daoist immortality practices such as medication consumption,consuming qi,and Daoyin(guiding and stretching)exercises.There remains academic controversy over whether Shi Wen(Ten Questions)should be classified as a text on sexual techniques or immortals.This study aims to explore this classification issue by comparing Shi Wen(Ten Questions)with other texts specializing in the Daoist immortality practices,such as Qu Gu Shi Qi(Food Abstinence and Qi Consumption)from Mawangdui and Che Gu Shi Qi(Thorough Food Abstinence and Qi Consumption)and Yin Shu(The Book of Daoyin)from Zhangjiashan,as well as consulting other relevant unearthed and handed-down literature.It is concluded that there is a close relationship between eight questions in Shi Wen(Ten Questions)and the content of the Daoist immortality practices including Daoyin(guiding and stretching),qi consumption,and medication consumption.The text content related to immortals in Shi Wen(Ten Questions)can be cross-referenced and supplemented with other specialized books on the Daoist immortality practices.The connection between immortals and sexual techniques is close and cannot be completely separated.Both sexual techniques and immortality practices adopted the Daoist immortality methods of Daoyin(guiding and stretching),qi consumption,and medication consumption to accumulate essence qi and achieve good health and longevity.Whether from the perspective of purpose or method,their correlation is indeed strong and cannot be overlooked.

关 键 词：《十问》 神仙 房中 导引 马王堆 

分 类 号：R212[医药卫生—中医学]