社区老年人群个体、室内及室外PM_(2.5)暴露特征及与健康风险评估关联性  

Indoor,outdoor,and personal exposure to PM_(2.5) and associated health risk in community-dwelling elderly residents in Fuzhou city,2021:a cross-sectional study

作　　者：康淑玲 林馨[1,2] 林侃 刘宝英[3] 吴传城 向建军[3] 陈静文[3] 周权 KANG Shuling;LIN Xin;LIN Kan;LIU Baoying;WU Chuancheng;XIANG Jianjun;CHEN Jingwen;ZHOU Quan(Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou 350004,China;Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Affiliated to Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350004,China;School of Public Health,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350122,China)

机构地区：[1]福州市疾病预防控制中心,福州350004 [2]福建医科大学附属福州市疾病预防控制中心,福州350004 [3]福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福州350122

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2024年第11期1330-1335,共6页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：福建省自然科学资金(2021J01722);福州市科技计划项目(2022–S–087);福州市科技计划项目(2023–S–030);福建省卫健委科技计划项目(2023QNA083)。

摘　　要：目的分析福州市某社区老年人群细颗粒物PM_(2.5)个体、室内、室外的暴露特征及与健康风险评估的关联。方法以福州市某社区为现场,在夏冬季分别对140名和107名老年人进行连续3日的个体、室内和室外PM_(2.5)暴露测量,同时开展环境因素及健康状况问卷调查。采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评估模型评估健康风险。结果福州市社区老年人群个体、室内和室外PM_(2.5)日均暴露浓度分别为61.83、41.37、32.00μg/m3,呈现个体>室内>室外浓度。个体PM_(2.5)浓度夏季高于冬季(71.78μg/m3vs.50.72μg/m3),室内外PM_(2.5)浓度夏季低于冬季(室内:38.43μg/m3vs.49.76μg/m3,室外:32.00μg/m3vs.34.53μg/m3)。室内外PM_(2.5)浓度较低时(室内:<57.95μg/m3,室外:<49.38μg/m3),个体浓度明显高于室内外浓度;室内外PM_(2.5)浓度较高时,个体浓度近似于室内外浓度。多环芳烃(PAHs)和金属组分的暴露健康风险呈现个体高于室内外、冬季高于夏季。PAHs对个体具有潜在致癌风险(冬季:12.74×10^(–6),夏季1.673×10^(–6));金属元素Mn,As和Cd具有非致癌风险(均HQ>1);As,Ni,Cd和Pb对个体具有潜在致癌风险,其中As具有致癌风险(夏季:128.272×10^(–6),冬季:226.214×10^(–6))。结论室内外PM_(2.5)浓度较低时,采用室内外浓度代替个体浓度会低估个体真实的暴露水平;室内外PM_(2.5)浓度较高时,采用室内外浓度可近似于个体暴露水平。基于精准个体PM_(2.5)及其组分暴露水平进行健康风险评估,可减少因暴露评估不准确而导致的人群健康效应偏差。Objective To investigate personal total,indoor,outdoor exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter(PM_(2.5))and health risks associated with the exposure among community-dwelling elderly in Fuzhou city.Methods A total of 247 residents(≥60 years of age,living at the current residence for at least 3 years,without serious respiratory/circulatory disease and without disability)were recruited from a community in Fuzhou city,Fujian province,using random sampling stratified by residential floor.Three-day continuous sampling of PM_(2.5) was performed by using a personal particulate sampler,a constant-temperature,constant-flow particulate sampler in the living room,and an automatic outdoor particulate sampler within 2 km of the participants'homes during the winter season for 140 participants and during the summer season for 107 participants in 2021.All participants were interviewed with a questionnaire on demographics,living conditions,health status,lifestyle behaviors,and activities during the PM_(2.5) sampling period.PM_(2.5) concentration was measured with the weighing method;polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and metal elemental components in collected PM_(2.5) were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.The health risk associated with PAHs and metals in PM_(2.5) was assessed by using the health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.Results The mean daily exposure concentrations of PM_(2.5) for the participants were 61.83µg/m^(3) for personal exposure,41.37µg/m^(3) for indoor exposure,and 32.00µg/m^(3) for outdoor exposure,with descending order of personal,indoor,and outdoor exposure concentrations.The total personal PM_(2.5) exposure concentration was higher in summer than in winter(71.78µg/m^(3) vs.50.72µg/m^(3)),while the personal indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) exposure concentrations were lower in summer than in winter(indoor:38.43µg/m^(3) vs.49.76µg/m^(3),outdo

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 老年人群 暴露特征 风险评估 关联性 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]