天津市某地铁站台PM_(2.5)污染特征及人群健康风险评估  

Concentrations and associated health risks of indoor/outdoor PM_(2.5)-bound metallic elements at a subway station in Tianjin city during winter

作　　者：赵岩[1] 陈阳[2] 王玉雯[1] 商博东[3] 杜宇欣[1] ZHAO Yan;CHEN Yang;WANG Yuwen;SHANG Bodong;DU Yuxin(Department of Environmental and Health Monitoring and Evaluation,Institute of Environmental Health and Public Health,Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China;Department of Environmental Hygiene and Food Safety,Hongqiao Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300122,China;Department of Environmental Physical and Chemical,Institute of Hygienic Inspection,Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心环境健康与公共卫生所环境与健康监测评价科,天津300011 [2]天津市红桥区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生与食品安全科,天津300122 [3]天津市疾病预防控制中心卫生检验检测所环境理化科,天津300011

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2024年第11期1347-1352,共6页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：天津市卫生健康科技项目(TJWJ2023MS042)。

摘　　要：目的比较天津市地铁站台和外环境空气PM_(2.5)中金属类金属元素的污染特征差异,并进行人群健康风险评估。方法2023年11—12月对天津市建成≥10年的某地铁线路,随机选取某站点作为采样地点,进行空气PM_(2.5)采样,计算PM_(2.5)质量浓度,并对21种金属类金属元素进行成分含量测定,采用美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型对金属类金属元素经呼吸途径引发的健康风险进行评价。结果地铁站台冬季PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为(246.71±85.55)μg/m^(3),明显高于同期外环境水平[(112.64±26.26)μg/m^(3)](t=5.61,P<0.001),地铁站台空气PM_(2.5)中的Sb、Mn、V、Cu、Co、Al、Cr、Pb、Ni、Fe、Na、Mg、Ga和Zn均明显高于室外环境(P<0.05)。9种元素的综合非致癌危险度水平高于1,表明暴露人群可能存在一定的非致癌健康危害,非致癌危害最高的为Mn(HQ=0.8),其次为Sb(HQ=0.1)。致癌元素对人群致癌危险度最高为Cr,危险度水平为6.05×10^(–5)。结论天津市某地铁站台空气PM_(2.5)中金属类金属元素的污染状况较为严重,多种非致癌金属元素联合作用可能会对人群产生一定非致癌风险,As、Ni、Pb和Cd的对人群的致癌危险度较低,Cr的致癌危险度尚在可接受水平。Objective To compare the concentrations and to assess the chronic health risks of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter(PM2.5)-bound metal elements on the platform and in the ambient air of a subway station in Tianjin city during winter.Methods Seven-day continuousPM_(2.5) air sampling was conducted in November and December 2023 simultaneously on the platform near the tracks and outside of a subway station that had been in operation for more than 10 years in Tianjin city.The mass concentrations ofPM_(2.5) in the samples were calculated,and the contents of 21 metallic elements in thePM_(2.5) samples were determined.The health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)was used to assess the health risks of the metallic elements via the respiratory route.Results The mean mass concentration ofPM_(2.5) on the platforms in winter was 246.71±85.55μg/m^(3),which was significantly higher than that(112.64±26.26μg/m^(3))outside the station during the same period(t=5.61,P<0.001).The contents of antimony,manganese,alum,copper,cobalt,aluminum,chromium,lead,nickel,iron,sodium,magnesium,calcium,and zinc inPM_(2.5) samples collected on the subway platform were all significantly higher than those inPM_(2.5) samples collected outside the station(all P<0.05).The combined noncarcinogenic hazard index(HI)of the nine metal elements was greater than 1,indicating that the exposed population may have some non-carcinogenic health risks.Manganese was found to have the highest non-carcinogenic risk(hazard quotient[HQ]=0.8),followed by antimony(HQ=0.1).Chromium posed the highest carcinogenic risk(6.05×10^(–5))to the exposed population.Conclusions The level of metallic element pollution inPM_(2.5) on a subway platform in Tianjin city is relatively high.The combined effects of several non-carcinogenic metallic elements may pose certain noncarcinogenic risks to the exposed population.The carcinogenic risks of arsenic,nickel,lead,and cadmium to the exposed popula

关 键 词：地铁站台 细颗粒物 金属类金属元素 健康风险评估 天津市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] U231.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] R128[医药卫生—环境卫生学]