谷物联合收获机喂入量检测技术研究现状与发展趋势  

Research status and development trend of feed quantity detection technology for grain combine harvester

作　　者：陈旭 何勋[1,2] 朱晨辉 王宝山[1,2] 王万章 CHEN Xu;HE Xun;ZHU Chenhui;WANG Baoshan;WANG Wanzhang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Province Low Carbon Agriculture Intelligent Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学机电工程学院,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省低碳农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《智能化农业装备学报(中英文)》2025年第1期71-80,共10页Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项——小麦机械化技术(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：我国谷物联合收获机普遍存在作业性能和效率难以兼顾、故障率高、自动化水平低等问题,喂入量是谷物联合收获机的重要参数之一,其对机器的作业性能、整机可靠性以及经济效益有着直接影响;只有当喂入量稳定在额定范围内,收获机才能发挥出最佳效能。研究从喂入量对机器性能的影响至关重要为切入点,着重介绍了国内外联合收获机借助传感技术实现对喂入量的检测功能,主要通过扭矩传感器测量关键工作部件传动轴扭矩或功率和利用压力传感器检测物料对机械结构壳体的挤压力来反映喂入量;其次,采用机器视觉和激光雷达技术识别作物密度以及利用力传感器测定作物茎秆的弯曲力来间接表示喂入量;另外,对影响喂入量检测信号处理的原因及联合收获机喂入量的自动调控等方面的关键技术与应用做了梳理分析。最后,该研究提出了现有谷物联合收获机喂入量检测技术所存在的问题以及未来的研究重点和发展趋势。虽然国内联合收获机喂入量检测方法较多,但均存在检测精度不高、系统稳定性差及只适用于单一作物,难以大面积推广应用等问题。因此,我国联合收获机喂入量检测技术仍有很大的提升空间,应加大对高精度农业传感器和控制器的研发力度,提高检测系统整体的稳定性;未来联合收获机将向着大型化、智能化、集成化方向迈进。There are common problems in Chinese grain combine harvester,such as difficulty in balancing operational performance and efficiency,high failure rate,and low automation level.Feed quantity is one of the important parameters of grain combine harvester,which directly affects the machine's operational performance,overall reliability,and economic benefits.Only when the feeding quantity stabilizes within the rated range can the harvester achieve optimal efficiency.Starting from the fact that feeding amount has a vital impact on machine performance,this paper focuses on the detection function of feeding amount by domestic and foreign combine harvesters with the help of sensing technology.The feeding quantity is mainly reflected by measuring the torque or power of the transmission shaft of key working components through torque sensors and detecting the extrusion force of materials on the mechanical structure shell through pressure sensors.Secondly,machine vision and laser radar technology are used to identify crop density and the bending force of crop stems is measured by force sensor to indirectly represent the feeding quantity.In addition,the reasons that affect the signal processing of feed quantity detection and the key technologies and applications of automatic control of feed quantity in combine harvesters were analyzed and sorted out.Finally,this study proposes the problems existing in the feeding rate detection technology of existing grain combine harvesters,as well as future research priorities and development trends.Although there are many methods for detecting the feeding quantity of domestic combine harvester,they all have low detection accuracy,poor system stability,and are only suitable for a single crop,making it difficult to promote and apply on a large scale.Therefore,there is still great room for improvement in Chinese technology for detecting the feeding quantity of combine harvester.We should increase our research and development efforts on high-precision agricultural sensors and controllers to impro

关 键 词：联合收获机 喂入量检测 机器视觉 传感器 自动调控 智能化 

分 类 号：S225.31[农业科学—农业机械化工程]