公共债务与收入不平等  

Public debt and income inequality

作　　者：岳明阳 刘穷志[2] 袁瀚坤 YUE Mingyang;LIU Qiongzhi;YUAN Hankun(Party School of C.P.C.Jiangsu Committee,Nanjing 210009;Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072)

机构地区：[1]中共江苏省委党校,江苏南京210009 [2]武汉大学,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《财贸研究》2025年第1期1-15,共15页Finance and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“兼顾经济增长目标的财政再分配机制研究”(21AJY005);全国党校(行政学院)系统重点调研课题“全球价值链重构下数字技术创新赋能江苏制造业出口升级的机制与对策研究”(2023DXXTZDDYKT032)。

摘　　要：在理论模型构建和传导机制分析的基础上,基于世界银行2000—2019年的跨国面板数据,就公共债务对收入不平等的影响进行实证分析。研究发现:公共债务增加显著提高了收入不平等程度。异质性分析表明,公共债务对收入不平等的作用受到固定资本形成总额和教育支出的影响,在较高的固定资本增长率和教育支出占比的国家(地区),公共债务对收入不平等的不利影响减弱乃至不显著。机制分析表明,金融扭曲和税收征管强度强化了公共债务和收入不平等之间的正向关系。路径优化分析表明,财政透明度、普惠金融发展水平、公共预算和金融监管质量等的提高显著弱化了金融扭曲和税收征管强度加剧情况下公共债务对收入不平等的扩大效应。Based on the construction of the theoretical model and the analysis of the transmission mechanism,an empirical analysis of the impact of public debt on income inequality is conducted using the cross-country(region)panel data from the World Bank from 2000 to 2019.The results show that the increase of public debt significantly increases the inequality of income distribution.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the effect of public debt on income inequality is affected by total fixed capital formation and education expenditure.Specifically,in countries(regions)with high fixed capital growth rate and education expenditure ratio,the negative effect of public debt on income inequality is weakened or even insignificant.Mechanism analysis shows that financial distortion and the intensity of tax collection reinforce the positive relationship between public debt and income inequality.Path optimization research shows that the improvement of fiscal transparency,the development of inclusive finance,the quality of public budget and financial regulation significantly weakens the widening effect of public debt on income inequality under the circumstance of financial distortion and increasing intensity of tax collection.

关 键 词：公共债务 收入分配 金融扭曲 税收征管 

分 类 号：F810.42[经济管理—财政学]