可持续供应链合规规则的国际法边界与中国路径  

International law boundaries and Chinese solutions to sustainable supply chain compliance rules

作　　者：沈伟[1] 陈徐安黎 SHEN Wei;CHEN-XU Anli(Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200030)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学,上海200030

出　　处：《财贸研究》2025年第1期42-54,共13页Finance and Trade Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“美国全球单边经济制裁中涉华制裁案例分析与对策”(21&ZD208)。

摘　　要：以环境、社会和公司治理(ESG)为核心的可持续发展理念正在被引入企业供应链合规管理中,各国(地区)以强制性立法的方式推动企业履行社会责任,促使企业进行供应链可持续风险调查和合规。世界贸易组织(WTO)的非歧视原则和禁止数量限制规则为可持续供应链合规规则划定了一般边界,一般例外中的“公共道德”例外为各国(地区)开展可持续供应链合规提供政策空间,但需要满足必要性、非歧视、非实质性限制等条件。部分可持续供应链合规规则可能被异化或滥用为经济制裁工具,中国可利用WTO规则施加规则约束和舆论约束,并利用《中华人民共和国反外国制裁法》等反制裁工具加以反制。合理的可持续供应链合规规则有利于推动企业社会责任的履行,一定程度上代表着供应链可持续治理的发展方向,中国企业应积极应对和遵守没有国际违法性的可持续供应链合规规则,从溯源管理、透明度管理、风险分担等维度开展供应链合规管理,避免违规或制裁风险。中国以行业标准为主体的可持续供应链合规规则体系可以充分反映行业需求,减少违反国际法的风险,为可持续供应链合规的多样化展开贡献了中国经验。未来中国可以在遵守国际法的前提下,推动可持续供应链合规的全球协作。The concept of sustainable development centred on Environmental,Social and Governance(ESG)has been introduced into corporate supply chain compliance management,and many countries(regions)are promoting enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities through mandatory legislation,compelling enterprises to conduct supply chain sustainability risk investigations and ensure compliance.The WTO’s non-discrimination principle and the prohibition of quantitative restriction rules provide general boundaries for the sustainable supply chain compliance legislation.The“public morality”exception in the general exceptions provides policy space for each country(region)to carry out sustainable supply chain compliance,but it needs to meet the conditions of necessity,non-discrimination and non-substantive restriction.Some compliance rules for sustainable supply chains may be distorted or misused as tools for economic sanctions.China can impose rule-based and public-opinion-based constraints by leveraging WTO rules,and counter such actions by using anti-sanction tools like the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of the People’s Republic of China.For the sustainable supply chain compliance rules that are not yet obviously illegal,Chinese enterprises need to be prepared to deal with it and carry out supply chain compliance management from the perspectives of traceability management,transparency management and risk sharing to avoid the risk of sanctions.China’s sustainable supply chain compliance rule system,which is mainly based on industry standards,can fully reflect industry needs,reduce the risk of violating international law,and contribute to the Chinese experience.China can further play a leading role in the rules,and promote global collaboration on sustainable supply chain compliance under the premise of complying with international law.

关 键 词：供应链合规 可持续发展 ESG 反制裁 国际法 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易]