高压电器钢铁件磷化膜白色结晶物组成及清洗  

The white crystal substance composition and cleaning of phosphating film for high voltage electrical apparatus steel parts

作　　者：刘翠翠 李要锋 王延涛 熊明华 张垒 邵明艳 张明英 赵柯 赵胜楠 李金凤 LIU Cuicui;LI Yaofeng;WANG Yantao;XIONG Minghua;ZHANG Lei;SHAO Mingyan;ZHANG Mingying;ZHAO Ke;ZHAO Shengnan;LI Jinfeng(Henan Pingzhi High Voltage Switch Co.,Ltd.,Pingdingshan 467013,China)

机构地区：[1]河南平芝高压开关有限公司,平顶山467013

出　　处：《理化检验(物理分册)》2025年第1期6-9,共4页Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part A:Physical Testing)

摘　　要：针对高压电器钢铁件磷化膜表面出现白色结晶物的问题,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了白色结晶物的成分,确定白色结晶物成分与单一锌系常温磷化膜成分一致。采用乙醇清洗、环保溶剂清洗、环保溶剂超声波清洗3种清洗方式去除白色结晶物,通过对比磷化膜表面是否残留白色结晶物,确定了最佳清洗方式。结果表明:在常温条件下,用环保溶剂超声波清洗2 min,可完全去除表面的白色结晶物,且磷化膜不被破坏,磷化膜的耐腐蚀性合格;单一锌系磷化膜组织粗大,分布不均,锌钙系磷化膜晶粒细致均匀,粒径为6.5~8μm,锌钙系中温磷化膜更能满足高压电器零部件的磷化要求。Aiming at the problem of white crystal substance on the surface of phosphating film of high voltage electrical apparatus steel parts,the composition of white crystal substance was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer.It was determined that the composition of white crystal substance was consistent with that of single zinc phosphating film at room temperature.Three cleaning methods,ethanol cleaning,environmentally friendly solvent cleaning,and environmentally friendly solvent ultrasonic cleaning,were used to remove white crystal substance.By comparing whether white crystal substance remained on the surface of the phosphating film,the best cleaning method was determined.The results show that the white crystal substance on the surface could be completely removed by ultrasonic cleaning with environmentally friendly solvent for 2 min at room temperature,the phosphating film was not damaged,and the corrosion resistance of the phosphating film was qualified.The microstructure of single zinc phosphating film was coarse,and the distribution was uneven.The grain of zinc-calcium phosphating film was fine and uniform,and the particle size was 6.5-8μm.The zinc-calcium medium temperature phosphating film could better meet the phosphating requirements of high voltage electrical apparatus components.

关 键 词：高压电器 磷化膜 白色结晶物 超声波清洗 晶粒 耐腐蚀性 

分 类 号：TM51[电气工程—电器] TG115.2[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]