从各事其主到各安其分:公共管理研究和日常实践“两张皮”问题及解决之道  

From Authority-Following to Duty-Following:Separation between Academic Research and Daily Practice in Public Management and Its Solution

作　　者：梅赐琪[1] Mei Ciqi(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2025年第1期7-16,168,169,共12页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学重大项目(20245010001);清华文科双高计划项目(2023TSG08101);清华大学自主科研项目(20225080021)。

摘　　要：学术研究与日常实践脱节的“两张皮”现象,是公共管理学界和实务界共同关注的话题。过去对“两张皮”现象的反思,主要体现为研究者对学科的单向“自贬”。此类单向自贬容易流于简单的经验论,反而遮蔽了“两张皮”现象的真正根源。福柯关于知识和权力相互指涉的观点,启示“两张皮”现象的产生可能是学术研究和日常各实践自屈服于本领域内的“权威观念”进而产生双向背离的结果。史密斯政策执行模型在中国公共管理学术研究中的意外流行以及技术治理在公共管理日常实践中的强势地位,为这一观点提供了案例支撑。解决“两张皮”问题,除了要加强研究和日常对话,更重要的是要在各自的领域中加强对于权威观念的反思,回归学术研究和实践日常的本来功能,通过各安其分实现各美其美。Researchers and practitioners have long noticed and complained separation between academic research and daily practice in public management,which could be captured by a Chinese metaphor"two separate skins"or"apple and orange"in English.Previous scholarship has attributed the separation primarily to the laggard development of public management as a discipline.Such unidimensional self-deprecation from researchers tends to end up with simplified empiricism and obscures the root causes of the separation.Foucault's view on relation between knowledge and power suggests that the separation may be the bidirectional deviation result of academic research and daily practice each succumbing to the authority within their respective fields.The unexpected popularity of Smith's policy implementation model in Chinese public management research and the indisputable status of technological governance in the daily public management practice,provide examples supporting this argument.To solve the separation problem,besides more dialogue between academic research and daily practice,it is important to reflect critically on the authority within each field and to encourage each to fulfill its own original duties.The separation might be mitigated by diversity and prosperity of each field on its own.

关 键 词：“两张皮” 公共管理 学术研究 日常实践 权威 

分 类 号：C93-0[经济管理—管理学] D035[政治法律—政治学]