关系、人情与行政负担——兼论日常生活中的公共管理学  

Guanxi,Favor,and Administrative Burden——A Case Study of"Done without Guanxi"Reform in Liaoning Province,China

作　　者：马亮 Ma Liang(School of Government,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2025年第1期17-27,169,共12页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72274203);国家自然科学基金专项课题(72342010);国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD080)。

摘　　要：中国社会是一个关系型社会,公民和企业找政府办事往往需要找关系、托人情,由此带来人情负担,也加剧社会不公平。政民互动中的行政负担,很大程度上源于公民和企业同政府打交道时需要找关系和托人情。通过辽宁省“办事不找关系”改革的案例研究,本文探究了制度变革与数字化转型如何影响行政负担与人情负担。研究显示,关系可以成为社会资本,也会带来人情负担。人情负担反映在行政负担的各类成本中,而减轻行政负担就要关注如何减少乃至杜绝关系与人情在其中发挥的作用。通过“办事不找关系”改革而重塑找关系办事的成本与收益,可以使政民互动的行政负担显著减轻。本文的研究发现说明公共管理学需要关注日常生活中深具中国特色的现象和问题,通过研究尽可能弥合理论与实践的鸿沟。The objective of this paper is to examine the roles of guanxi and favor in administrative burden in the state-citizen interactions in China,which is characterized by a guanxi-oriented society.A single-case study of"Done without guanxi"reform in Liaoning province was conducted by using archival and interview data of this case.The analysis reveals that guanxi and favor contribute to the rise of administrative burden in state-citizen interactions,and it is of importance to facilitate institutional reforms and digital transformation to reduce administrative burden.The results also suggest that the reform has to be sustainable and persistent,otherwise the underlying societal culture dominated by guanxi and favor could not be eradicated.However,the key limitation of the study is that it focuses solely on one single case,which makes it difficult to generalize the results to other contexts.Also,the qualitative analyses could not generate robust findings to causally evaluate the impacts of the reform on administrative burden.Meanwhile the proposed theoretical framework can help public managers understand the components and conditions of administrative burdens,and provide doable strategies to reduce administrative burden.Expanding on the previous research of administrative burden,this study draws on the single-case approach to examine the roles of guanxi and favor in a local context,and proposes a conceptual framework to illustrate how institutional reforms and digital transformation could help to reduce administrative burden.

关 键 词：关系 人情 行政负担 社会公平 政民互动 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理] D035[社会学]