我国刑法中遗弃罪保护法益的再识别  

Reidentification of Protection of Legal Interest in the Crime of Abandonment Under Criminal Law in China

作　　者：贾健[1,2] Jia Jian

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院 [2]西南政法大学刑事检察研究中心

出　　处：《法学》2025年第1期86-101,共16页Law Science

摘　　要：新刑法调整章节位置后,遗弃罪的人身安全法益说占据主要地位。但该说在成立理由上,存在论证逻辑不周延的问题,也无法自洽解释其法益性质。有必要重新正视遗弃罪的受扶养权法益说。该说是以家庭身份权为基础的法益类型,其没有被引起重视与古代身份权的特质和我国近代以来对家庭的错误批判有关。在家庭中的受扶养权法益,除了其本身的重要性和法益适格性以外,还具有法规范和刑事政策的依据。根据在家庭中的受扶养权法益说,能够对有人接手照料的案件、收费后“送养”子女的案件和虽未将被害人遗弃在家庭之外,但只提供少量饮食,仅能维系基本生存的案件等作出妥当解释。同时,根据该法益,刑法应增设非家庭成员遗弃罪和遗弃致被害人死亡、重伤的结果加重条款。After adjusting the position of the chapter in the new criminal Law,the legal interest theory of personal safety in the crime of abandonment occupies the main position.But in the reason of its establishment,there are problems of argumentation logic,and it can not explain the nature of its legal interest consistently.It is necessary to face up to the theory of the legal interest of the right of support for the crime of abandonment again,and it should be said that the type of legal interest based on the right of family identity,its lack of which is related to the characteristics of the ancient identity right and the mistaken criticism of the family since the modern times in our country.The legal interest of the right of dependency in the family,apart from its own importance and legal interest,also has the basis of legal norms and criminal policy.According to the legal interest in the right to support in the family,a proper explanation can be given in cases where care has been taken over,in cases where children have been“adopted”for a fee,and in cases where the victim has not been abandoned outside the family but is provided with only a small amount of food and only basic subsistence.At the same time,according to the law,the criminal law should add the crime of abandonment by non-family members and the aggravation of the result of abandonment resulting in the death or serious injury of the victim.

关 键 词：遗弃罪 人身安全法益 现代身份权 受扶养权法益 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]