论意向作为亲子关系认定的底层逻辑  

On the Underlying Logic with the Intention of Identification of Parent-Child Relationship

作　　者：刘颖 Liu Ying

机构地区：[1]同济大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2025年第1期102-121,共20页Law Science

摘　　要：亲子关系的认定在亲属法中具有重要作用。如何认定亲子关系,将在扶养法、监护法、亲属法和继承法等多领域产生系列影响。在学术界和理论界,将血缘联系作为亲子关系认定依据的观点长期以来占据主流地位。基于亲子法的价值取向从父母本位转向子女本位,以及生殖技术的进步和家庭结构的多样性等因素,意向作为亲子关系的认定逻辑逐渐清晰。相关理论与司法实践已揭明,意向是法律上亲子关系认定的底层逻辑。在自然血亲的亲子关系认定中,意向是一种事实行为,且意向在男性与女性之间有一定差别,女性在孕育过程中享有终止的选择权。在拟制血亲的亲子关系认定中,意向有事实行为和意思表示两种形式。在人工生殖的亲子关系认定中,意向是一种要式的意思表示。通常情况下的父母身份具有生物学父母和社会性父母的同一性。如果生物学父母和社会性父母出现不一致或分离的情形,法律上亲子关系的认定取决于父母的意向,社会性父母一般被确认为法律上的父母,以维护家庭结构的稳定和实现儿童利益最大化。随着现代家庭法的发展,亲子法不断强化以意向为核心的社会联系作为亲子关系认定的底层逻辑。Parental recognition plays an important role in family law.How to recognize the parentage has a series of impacts in various fields such as maintenance law,guardianship law,family law and inheritance law.The view that blood ties serve as the basis of parental recognition has long been mainstream in academic and theoretical circles.The value orientation of parentage law has shifted from parents'standard to children's standard,and with factors such as advances in reproductive technology and diversity in family structures,intention as the logic of parental recognition has gradually become clear.The relevant theories and judicial practices have revealed that intention is the underlying logic of legal parental recognition.In the parental recognition of natural blood relations,intention is a factual behavior,and there is a difference in intention between males and females,with females having the right to terminate pregnancy.In parental recognition of fictitious blood relations,intention can be factual behavior or declaration of will.In the parental recognition in artificial reproduction,intention is a formal declaration of will.Parenthood usually has the identity of biological and social parents.If there is inconsistency or separation between biological and social parents,the legal parental recognition depends on the intention of the parents.Social parents are generally recognized as legal parents to maintain the stability of family structure and maximize the interests of children.With the development of modern family law,parental law continuously strengthens the social connection centered on intention as underlying logic of parental recognition.

关 键 词：意向 生育意愿 亲子关系 社会联系 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]