深埋隧道岩体崩落下施工人员应急逃生方案模拟研究  

Simulation study on emergency escape strategies for construction personnel in deep-buried tunnels during rock mass caving events

作　　者：屈璐 申倩 翟越[1] 杜菁 李先 QU Lu;SHEN Qian;ZHAI Yue;DU Jing;LI Xian(College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang an University,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第2期624-632,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41941019);住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目(K20221165)。

摘　　要：为了研究隧道发生岩石崩落的动态危险障碍物灾害下的人员疏散情况,利用元胞自动机理论(Cellular Automaton,CA)建立了深埋隧道人-动态危险障碍物交互应急疏散模型。在基本场景模拟的基础上,增设应急逃生管道、紧急避难舱以及路径引导,并进行优化疏散模拟,进而通过对比分析,对岩爆、坍塌灾害下的应急逃生方案提出优化建议。研究表明:3种方案疏散效果和疏散速度显著提高,且相对于应急逃生管道,增设紧急避难舱可更好地提高疏散效率,而应急逃生管道则可以更好地降低伤亡率;与增设逃生装置相比,进行路径引导的疏散逃生效率较好,且成本更低,因此在深埋隧道施工中,应将路径引导纳入应急预案中。To investigate the evacuation of individuals in tunnels during dynamically hazardous rockfall incidents,this paper employs cellular automaton theory to develop an emergency evacuation model that accounts for interactions between people and dynamic hazards.The model is composed of four main components.First,the evacuation exit selection model establishes the rules that guide individuals in choosing exits during an emergency.Second,the pedestrian movement model outlines how individuals navigate and the speed at which they move during an evacuation.Third,the obstacle model simulates the distribution of hazards and their effects on evacuation behavior.Finally,the human-obstacle interaction model simulates how individuals alter their paths when faced with obstacles,classifying potential injuries based on the size and location of these hazards.Following the simulation of basic scenarios,the model incorporates emergency escape routes,refuge cabins,and path guidance systems.It models the evacuation of 50 individuals under varying conditions,including light,moderate,and severe rockburst events.By comparing evacuation times,injuries,and instances of failed evacuations across these scenarios,optimized emergency evacuation strategies are proposed for rockburst and collapse disasters.The findings indicate that the model is well-suited for tunnel construction in a specific plateau region and can conduct a graded and segmented numerical simulation of the emergency evacuation process under rockburst disaster conditions during tunnel construction.When compared to scenarios without an emergency evacuation plan,optimizing such plans can significantly reduce evacuation times,enhance efficiency,and lower casualty rates.Among the various emergency evacuation devices,emergency refuge cabins have been shown to notably decrease evacuation times,with the average evacuation duration reduced by 34 seconds across all disaster levels.Establishing escape pipelines is a cost-effective measure that significantly reduces injury rates,with an aver

关 键 词：安全工程 深埋隧道施工 应急逃生方案 岩体崩落灾害 元胞自动机 

分 类 号：X947[环境科学与工程—安全科学]