某有色金属加工厂土壤重金属污染评价和源解析  

Assessment and source analysis of heavy metal pollution in soil at a nonferrous metal processing plant

作　　者：唐玉兰[1] 张萧汉 黄殿男[1] 李婷 TANG Yulan;ZHANG Xiaohan;HUANG Diannan;LI Ting(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China;Research Center for Analysis and Testing Technology,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,沈阳110168 [2]沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110168 [3]沈阳建筑大学分析与检测技术研究中心,沈阳110168

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第2期732-742,共11页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1801203)。

摘　　要：为探究某有色金属加工厂遗留地块的土壤重金属污染特征、损害程度与污染来源,共采集研究区域202个采样点的土壤样本进行研究,采样深度为6 m。分析Cu、Pb、Ni、Hg、As、Cd、Zn 7种元素含量特征;采用三维克里格插值法分析重金属空间分布特征;基于土壤环境损害的基本概念与特征,利用改进累积频率曲线法计算损害基线并进行污染评价;利用相关性分析、主成分分析和正定矩阵因子(Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF)源解析模型探究土壤重金属来源。结果显示,研究区域的Cu、Pb、Ni、As、Zn元素均超出筛选值,Hg、Cd元素虽然并未超过筛选值,但相比于背景值仍有一定程度的累积;重金属的空间分布特征与地块使用情况较一致,在垂向上,重金属的污染范围及程度随深度的增加而减少;改进累积频率曲线法能够有效地识别环境损害事件发生时的土壤状况,使用背景值、筛选值以及该方法得到的基线值进行土壤污染评价可知,地块受Cu、Pb、As元素的损害较为严重,Ni、Cd、Zn元素的损害程度为中等,Hg元素的损害程度较轻;土壤重金属污染来源较为复杂。由主成分分析解析出前3种主成分的累积贡献率为71.63%,其贡献率由大到小依次为复合工业污染源(41.47%)、自然源(16.28%)、化石燃料燃烧源(13.88%)。PMF模型的解析结果更加精细,其贡献率由大到小依次为金属冶炼与原料堆放源(74.93%)、自然与交通排放源(12.97%)、矿石精炼与电镀源(7.34%)、大气沉降源(4.76%)。研究结果可为土壤环境污染损害赔偿工作提供科学依据及理论支撑。To investigate the characteristics of soil heavy metal contamination,assess the extent of damage,and identify the sources of pollution in legacy plots of a non-ferrous metal processing plant,soil samples were collected from 202 sampling points across the study area,with a sampling depth of 6 meters.The content of seven elements—Cu,Pb,Ni,Hg,As,Cd,and Zn—was analyzed to determine their characteristics.To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals,three-dimensional kriging interpolation was employed.Furthermore,an improved cumulative frequency curve method was developed to establish damage baselines and assess the extent of soil environmental degradation based on fundamental concepts and characteristics of soil damage.To investigate the sources of heavy metals in the soil,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,and Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)models were utilized.The results indicated that the concentrations of Cu,Pb,Ni,As,and Zn in the study area exceeded the screening values.Although Hg and Cd did not surpass the screening values,they still exhibited some accumulation compared to the background levels.The spatial distribution of heavy metals was found to correlate closely with historical land use in the region.Vertically,the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination diminished with increasing depth.The improved cumulative frequency curve method proved effective in identifying soil conditions at the time of environmental damage events.Based on the results of the damage evaluation against background,screening,and baseline values,the severity of contamination was categorized as follows:Cu,Pb,and As exhibited severe damage;Ni,Cd,and Zn showed moderate damage;while Hg displayed slight damage.The sources of heavy metal pollution in the soil were found to be complex,with three principal components identified through principal component analysis accounting for a cumulative contribution of 71.63%.These components,in descending order of contribution,included a composite indus

关 键 词：环境工程学 土壤污染 重金属 三维克里格 环境损害 源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]