西北汉简对《汉书·地理志》河西四郡内容的补证  

Supplementary Evidence on the Content of the Four Commanderies of Hexi in Geography Treatise of the Book of Han Based on Northwest Han Bamboo Slips

作　　者：徐正英[1] 刘相仪 XU Zheng-ying;LIU Xiang-yi(School of Liberal Arts,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期117-132,共16页Journal of Lanzhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“唐前出土文献及佚文献文学综合研究”(17ZDA254)。

摘　　要：结合西北汉简可对《汉书·地理志》河西四郡内容进行系统补证。经考定,酒泉郡、张掖郡设置于元鼎六年(前111),敦煌郡设置于元封四年至六年间(前107-前105),武威郡设置于本始二年至地节三年间(前72-前67),并补论《汉书·地理志》所载河西四郡的县治问题。借助文书简从微观史学角度补充《汉书·地理志》河西四郡沟通问题的记述阙失:从平行沟通、上行呈报、下行传达三个角度总结了汉代河西四郡的沟通模式;归纳其在政令传达、人事调动、事故调查、物资调配、钱财出入、外事接待等方面的沟通内容。并结合肩水金关简样本、悬泉简样本探究汉代郡、县的区域观念变迁过程与其制度内涵:可知最晚在昭帝时“×郡×县×里”的籍贯格式已经确立,宣帝时进一步普及,“郡之代县”的区域观念变迁在西汉中期昭宣之际业已完成;其反映了武帝解决王国问题后郡级政区日益重要的制度变革,体现了政治逻辑向区域地理的渗透。By referencing the Northwest Han bamboo slips,the present study supplements systemically the research on the content on the four commanderies of Hexi in Geography Treatise of the Book of Han.Upon examination,it is determined that Jiuquan Commandery and Zhangye Commandery were established in the 6th year of Yuanding(111 BC),Dunhuang Commandery,between the 4th and 6th years of Yuanfeng(107-105 BC),and Wuwei Commandery,between the 2nd year of Benshi and the 3rd year of Dijie(72-67 BC).Additionally,it supplements the research on the county seats issues recorded in the Geography Treatise of the Book of Han concerning the four commanderies.By utilizing the bamboo slip documents,the study supplements the omitted description of communication within the four commanderies from a micro-historical perspective.It summarizes the communication modes of the four commanderies during Han from three angles:horizontal communication,upward reporting,and downward transmission.Furthermore,it categorizes the communication content in areas such as policy transmission,personnel transfers,incident investigations,material distribution,financial transactions,and foreign reception.By analyzing examples from the bamboo slips of Jianshuijin Pass and Xuanquan Post,it also explores the process of regional conceptual changes and institutional implications concerning commanderies and counties during Han.It is revealed that,no later than Emperor Zhao’s reign,the format of“X Commandery,X County,X Li”for place of origin had already been established and was further popularized during Emperor Xuan’s reign.The regional conceptual shift from“commandery replacing county”was completed during the mid-Western Han period,during the Zhao and Xuan reigns.This reflects the increasing importance of commandery-level administrative divisions following Emperor Wu’s resolution of the kingdom problem,demonstrating the infiltration of political logic into regional geography.

关 键 词：西北汉简 《汉书·地理志》 河西四郡 设置时间 县治问题 沟通问题 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]