“创新”还是“阻碍”:ANT在数字媒介批判研究中的角色和作用——基于库尔德利对ANT的讨论与反思  

Innovation or Obstruction:The Role and Function of ANT in Critical Media Studies in Digital Era:Based on Couldry's Discussion and Reflection on ANT

作　　者：王玉婷 朱润萍 Wang Yuting;Zhu Runping

机构地区：[1]兰州大学新闻与传播学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《传媒观察》2025年第1期64-73,共10页Media Observer

基　　金：北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院Start-up Research Fund(UICR0700111-25)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：行动者网络(ANT)在媒介批判领域引发了广泛讨论,特别是关于它能否为理解媒体权力提供新视角方面。起初,包括尼克·库尔德利在内的许多学者都看到了将ANT与媒体权力研究相结合的前景。然而,随着研究的深入,他们却认为ANT成为了当前数字媒介批判中的最大阻碍。本文在媒介批判研究的脉络中,基于库尔德利等人的媒介思想,探讨为何会出现这样的转变。本文发现:ANT以跟踪关键行动者描绘动态网络,提出“强制通行点”的排序模式,以及对“社会”“空间”等概念重构,确实为媒介批判研究打开媒介权力的“黑箱”提供了灵感;但ANT缺乏表征讨论、对社会秩序不感兴趣、不关注“沉淀和惯性”以及对人类主体不强调等特点,又使库尔德利等批判学者们认为它不足以回答媒介权力批判的关键问题。由此,本文认为重视库尔德利等人对ANT的批评是重要的,但是由于宏大媒介批判会有滑向“阴谋论”的风险,所以对ANT的强调亦有必要,它去结构和去历史的路径可以对宏大媒介批判理论进行检验和发展,使媒介批判研究走得更远。Actor Network Theory(ANT)has indeed sparked extensive debate within the field of media criticism,particularly regarding its potential to offer new insights into media power.Initially,many scholars,including Nick Couldry and others,saw promise in combining ANT with media power research.However,as their research progressed,they encountered several challenges that led them to conclude that,as it currently stands,ANT may not be sufficient to fully address the complex issues surrounding media power.The article answers the question of why this shift in perspective occurred,based on the media research ideas of Couldry within the context of media criticism research.It finds that ANT depicts dynamic networks by tracking key actors;propose the modes of ordering such as "obligatory passing points";reconstruction of concepts such as "society" and "space",provided inspiration for media criticism to open up the "black box" of media power.However,ANT lacks discussion of representation;is not interested in social order;does not pay attention to "sedimentation and inertia";and does not emphasize the human subject,which makes scholars believe that ANT is not sufficient to answer the key questions of media power criticism.Therefore,this article believes that it is important to pay attention to criticism of ANT.However,due to the possibility of macro media criticism sliding towards "conspiracy theory" risks,emphasizing ANT is also necessary.Its unstructured and non-historical path can test and develop all grand media criticism theories,making media criticism research more in-depth.

关 键 词：行动者网络理论 库尔德利 媒介权力 政治静默主义 数据殖民主义 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]