马克思的“自行车”:达拉斯·斯迈思的媒介技术思想的再审思  

Marx's "Bicycle":Rethinking Dallas Smythe's Thoughts on Media Technology

作　　者：刘文军 Liu Wenjun

机构地区：[1]广西艺术学院影视与传媒学院,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《传媒观察》2025年第1期74-81,共8页Media Observer

摘　　要：达拉斯·斯迈思的媒介技术思想的核心是“媒介技术的政治经济属性”。斯迈思通过文学修辞手法来呈现该思想,他征用“自行车”“铁路”等类比物将媒介技术和技术勾连起来,继而使用“替罪羊”“特洛伊木马”等隐喻来阐述媒介技术的政治经济属性及其运作机制。他的媒介技术思想根植于其传播政治经济学思想中,来源于他对凡勃伦的技术思想的反拨和对马克思的技术思想的回归,反拨与回归的过程经由批判英尼斯和认同毛泽东而完成。斯迈思的媒介技术思想具有重要的理论意义,它是对媒介技术的政治属性的强调,是对马克思历史唯物主义的折返,是对媒介技术的政治经济属性的拓展,最终推动传播政治经济学理论的建构。At the core of Dallas Smythe's thinking on media technology lies the concept of its "political and economic attributes." Smythe conveys this idea through literary rhetoric,employing analogies such as "bicycle" and "railway" to bridge media technology with broader technological systems.He further utilizes metaphors like "scapegoat" and "Trojan horse" to illustrate the political economy of media technology,its characteristics,and its mechanisms.Smythe's reflections on media technology are deeply rooted in his broader political economy of communication.They emerge from his critique of Thorstein Veblen's technological perspectives and his return to Marx's views on technology.This intellectual trajectory—marked by his criticism of Harold Innis and alignment with Mao Zedong's thought—shaped his theoretical approach.Smythe's media technology framework holds significant theoretical value.It underscores the political dimensions of media technology,reaffirms Marx's historical materialism,and expands our understanding of the political and economic dynamics inherent in media technologies.Ultimately,it contributes to the advancement of political economy theory within the field of communication studies.

关 键 词：传播政治经济学 媒介物质性 历史唯物主义 物象化 数字社会主义 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]