永磁同步直线电机次级磁场检测技术综述  

Review of secondary magnetic field detection technology for permanent magnet synchronous linear motor

作　　者：赵吉文 尹乐 宋俊材 盘真保 于子翔 王立俊 ZHAO Jiwen;YIN Le;SONG Juncai;PAN Zhenbao;YU Zixiang;WANG Lijun(School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,Anhui,China;School of Internet,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]安徽大学互联网学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《沈阳工业大学学报》2025年第1期1-13,共13页Journal of Shenyang University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20644,52177038)。

摘　　要：【目的】由于永磁同步直线电机省去了中间传动装置,其结构简单,能够实现直驱式往复运动,具有推力密度大、效率高、能够满足高速大行程运动和微纳米级动态精度要求等优点,在激光切割机、数控机床、3D打印机等高精密加工领域具有广泛应用前景。永磁体作为永磁同步直线电机的重要组成部分,可为电机气隙空间提供恒定的磁场环境。磁场分布的一致性与电机性能息息相关,因此需要及时检测并更换故障永磁体以保证电机推力密度和功率密度的稳定性。【方法】主要对永磁同步直线电机次级磁场检测内容进行综述性研究:对电机的拓扑结构、工作原理和磁场的解析公式进行了梳理;对磁场的变化机理和磁场故障发生的常见原因进行了总结;对目前研究的永磁体局部退磁、均匀退磁、缺损和裂纹故障及不同故障磁场的建模方法,如解析法、有限元法和Matlab建模法等进行了介绍;对永磁同步直线电机次级磁场检测所选择的故障信号,如电流信号、磁密信号、电动势信号、振动信号和磁场信号等进行了讨论,指出其用于永磁同步直线电机时的优缺点。【结果】在对各类方法进行梳理和归纳后,对相应的研究内容与关键技术进行总结并发现,目前永磁同步直线电机磁场检测多借助于磁场信号和特征提取方法实现磁场故障的离线诊断。【结论】为实现实时化故障诊断和提高电机可靠性的目标,在未来磁场故障诊断发展趋势中,可以加强对电动势、电流、磁密等实时采集信号的研究,以期实现退磁故障的在线检测。同时需要开展具有高容错适应性的容错控制策略研究,保证电机在发生退磁故障时,仍可以维持电机的输出性能,进而保证其可靠运行。[Objective]Permanent magnet synchronous linear motors(PMSLMs)eliminate the need for intermediate transmission devices,thus having a simple structure and being able to achieve direct-drive reciprocating motion.They possess advantages such as high thrust density,high efficiency,and the ability to meet the demands of high-speed long-stroke motion and micron-level and nanometer-level dynamic precision.These characteristics make them widely applicable in high-precision processing fields such as laser cutting machines,CNC machines,and 3D printers.As an essential component of PMSLMs,permanent magnets provide a constant magnetic field environment in the air gap of the motors.The uniformity of the magnetic field distribution is closely related to motor performance.Hence,there is a need for timely detection and replacement of faulty permanent magnets to ensure the stability of motor thrust and power density.[Methods]This paper provided a comprehensive introduction to the secondary magnetic field detection of PMSLMs.It began with an introduction to the topological structure and working principle of the motors and analytical formulas for the magnetic field.It then summarized the mechanisms of magnetic field changes and common causes of magnetic field failures.The paper also introduced different permanent magnet faults including local demagnetization,uniform demagnetization,defects,and cracks and the modeling methods for magnetic fields subject to different faults,such as analytical method,finite element method,and Matlab modeling method.Finally,it discussed the fault signals chosen for secondary magnetic field detection of PMSLMs,such as current signals,magnetic flux signals,electromotive force signals,vibration signals,and magnetic field signals,and points out their advantages and disadvantages.[Results]After sorting and summarizing various methods and key technologies,the paper finds that current PMSLMs magnetic field detection mainly relies on magnetic field signals and feature extraction methods to achieve offline diagno

关 键 词：永磁同步直线电机 永磁体退磁 永磁体缺损 永磁体裂纹 磁场检测 直驱式往复运动 电机气隙 次级磁场 

分 类 号：TM359.4[电气工程—电机]