减氮条件下施用固氮蓝细菌对黑土稻田水稻产量、氨挥发和氮肥利用率的影响  

Impacts of Nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria on Rice Yield,Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Phaeozem Paddy Field Under Nitrogen Reduction

作　　者：张静如 王慧[1,2] 周蓉 靳鹏辉[1,2] 蔺兴武 赵学强 马晶晶 贾仲君 谢祖彬 ZHANG Jingru;WANG Hui;ZHOU Rong;JIN Penghui;LIN Xingwu;ZHAO Xueqiang;MA Jingjing;JIA Zhongjun;XIE Zubin(Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室(中国科学院),南京211135 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]黑土地保护与利用重点实验室(中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所),长春130102

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第6期1198-1205,共8页Soils

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28030201);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500201);国家自然科学基金项目(42177333)资助。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,设置5个处理:不施氮肥(0N)、70%施氮量(0.315 g/盆,计105 kg/hm^(2);0.7N)、全量施氮(0.45 g/盆,计150 kg/hm^(2);1N)、70%施氮量配施高温灭活固氮蓝细菌(0.7NDB)、70%施氮量配施新鲜固氮蓝细菌(0.7NB),研究减氮条件下施用固氮蓝细菌对黑土稻田水稻产量、氨挥发损失和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,0.7NB处理水稻籽粒重与1N处理差异不显著,但比0.7N处理显著增加23.32%。0.7NB处理的氮肥表观利用率和农学利用率比0.7N处理分别提高了1.2倍和1.78倍,同时比1N处理分别提高了48.00%和35.57%。与0.7N处理相比,0.7NB处理能够降低土壤氨挥发速率和累积氨挥发量,而0.7NDB处理则显著增加了累积氨挥发量。与1N处理相比,0.7NB、0.7NDB处理的氨挥发速率和累积氨挥发量显著降低,总累积氨挥发量分别降低了66.80%和37.36%。研究结果表明施用新鲜固氮蓝细菌可以代替30%氮肥,既能维持水稻产量,又能降低土壤氨挥发损失,提高氮肥利用率。In this study,the effects of the application of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria under nitrogen reduction on rice yield,ammonia volatilization loss and nitrogen use efficiency in Phaeozem paddy field were studied by pot experiment,which included five treatments:0N(no nitrogen fertilizer),0.7N(70%nitrogen application rate),1N(full nitrogen application),0.7NDB(high temperature autoclaved nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria combined with 70%nitrogen application rate),0.7NB(fresh nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria combined with 70%nitrogen application rate).The results showed that the grain weight of 0.7NB was not significantly different from that of 1N treatment,but 23.32%higher than that of 0.7N treatment.The apparent nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic nitrogen use efficiencyof 0.7NB were 1.2 times and 1.78 times higher than that of 0.7N,and increased by 48.00%and 35.57%than 1N treatment,respectively.At the level of 0.7N,the application of fresh nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria decreased the ammonia volatilization rate and cumulative ammonia volatilization,while the application of high temperature autoclaved nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria significantly increased the cumulative ammonia volatilization.In contrast to 1N,the ammonia volatilization rate and cumulative ammonia volatilization of 0.7NB and 0.7NDB decreased significantly,and the total cumulative ammonia volatilization was reduced by 66.80%and 37.36%,respectively.The results suggested that the application of fresh nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria could replace 30%nitrogen fertilizer,sustain rice yield,reduce soil ammonia volatilization loss and improve nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：固氮蓝细菌 水稻产量 产量构成 氨挥发 农学利用率 表观利用率 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学] S-3[农业科学—农业基础科学]