干旱胁迫对不同春小麦田产量及土壤特性的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Yields and Soil Characteristics in Different Spring Wheat Fields

作　　者：方静 赵小庆 史功赋 魏淑丽 程玉臣 张向前 王建国 马婕 路战远 FANG Jing;ZHAO Xiaoqing;SHI Gongfu;WEI Shuli;CHENG Yuchen;ZHANG Xiangqian;WANG Jianguo;MA Jie;LU Zhanyuan(School of Life Science,Inner Mongolia University,Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,Hohhot 010020,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization(Hohhot),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010031,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Degradation Farmland Ecological Restoration and Pollution Control,Hohhot 010031,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,牧草与特色作物生物技术教育部重点实验室,呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特010031 [3]农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010031 [4]内蒙古自治区退化农田生态修复与污染治理重点实验室,呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第6期1231-1239,共9页Soils

基　　金：内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院创新基金项目(2022CXJJN08,2023CXJJN17);国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20195,31860356,32260457);内蒙古自治区草原英才科技计划项目资助。

摘　　要：为了探究干旱对作物不同品种产量及土壤性状的影响,选用抗旱性程度不同的6个春小麦品种为研究对象,进行干旱(旱棚防雨)和对照(调控补水)2种水分控制处理,系统分析干旱胁迫下不同春小麦产量及土壤性状的差异。结果显示:干旱显著影响了土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物生物量和春小麦产量(P<0.05)。其中,在干旱处理下,土壤全氮、有机碳含量,蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性以及微生物生物量碳、氮、磷显著降低,而全钾、全磷含量以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性则显著增高。C∶N、C∶P、N∶P变化范围分别为10.23~14.13、4.03~7.42、0.39~0.56。龙麦36和龙麦33各指标变化幅度较小,且干旱下龙麦36的产量最高为5699.14 kg/hm^(2)。主成分分析和相关性分析表明,干旱是造成春小麦产量及土壤指标差异的主要因素,且有机碳是影响春小麦产量的关键土壤因子。综上所述,龙麦36和龙麦33在减轻干旱对土壤养分平衡及产量的不利影响方面表现出一定的潜力,是大兴安岭西麓旱作区适宜种植的春小麦品种。To investigate the impacts of drought on the yields and soil characteristics of different crop varieties,this study selected six spring wheat varieties with varying degrees of drought resistance.Two water control treatments,namely drought(rainproof shelter)and control(regulated watering),were implemented,and the differences in yields and soil characteristics under drought stress among the spring wheat varieties were systematically analyzed.The results showed that drought significantly affected soil nutrient contents,enzyme activity,microbial biomass,and wheat yield(P<0.05).Under drought conditions,the contents of soil total nitrogen and organic carbon,the activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase,and microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus were significantly reduced,while the contents of total potassium and phosphorus,and the activities of catalase and urease were significantly increased.C:N,C:P,and N:P ratios ranged from 10.23 to 14.13,4.03 to 7.42,and 0.39 to 0.56,respectively.Both Longmai 36 and Longmai 33 showed relatively small variations in these indicators,with Longmai 36 achieved the highest yield(5699.14 kg/hm^(2))under drought conditions.Principal component analysis and correlation analysis indicated that drought was the primary factor causing differences in yield and soil indicators,with organic carbon being a key soil factor influencing spring wheat yield.In summary,Longmai 36 and Longmai 33 showed certain potentials in alleviating the adverse effects of drought on soil nutrient balance and yield and are suitable spring wheat varieties for planting in the dry farming areas of the western Greater Khingan Mountains.

关 键 词：干旱胁迫 春小麦 产量 土壤养分 土壤生物学性状 

分 类 号：S155.4[农业科学—土壤学]