一种结构台阵传感器优化布设的单位刚度能量-驱动点留数法  

A unit stiffness energy-drive point retention method for the optimal layout of structural array sensors

作　　者：胡莹迪 张令心[1,2] HU Yingdi;ZHANG Lingxin(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation,Ministry of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《地震工程与工程振动》2025年第1期28-37,共10页Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2139209)。

摘　　要：建筑结构台阵是目前了解和掌握工程结构在强地震作用下反应的最直接手段之一,其主要任务是详细记录土木工程结构破坏的过程,为抗震设计、震害评估和地震安全报警等多项相关研究提供结构反应信息。然而,受经济成本、现场测试技术和数据处理水平等多方面因素的制约,在整个结构的所有楼层上布设传感器监测设备是不现实的,因此如何用最少的传感器来获得尽可能完备的结构信息是结构台阵传感器优化布设的目的。针对有效独立法易丢失能量较大测点和模态动能法测点过于集中在能量较大位置从而导致结构重要模态信息丢失的不足,综合考虑有效独立法和模态动能法的优缺点,提出一种传感器优化布设的单位刚度能量–驱动点留数法。该方法以单位刚度模态能量作为信息矩阵,运用有效独立法的原理进行测点筛选,以保证高能量测点最大程度保持线性独立。最后,以一个钢框架作为算例,分别采用本文方法、有效独立法、模态动能法和单位刚度法在算例模型上布设传感器,利用模态保证准则和Fisher信息矩阵准则对4种方法的布设结果进行评判。结果表明:相比较其他3种方法,当测量振型向量线性独立时,文中方法传感器数目最少;且在相同的传感器数目情况下,文中方法可以获得最多的模态信息。The main task of the building structure array is to record the failure process of civil engineering structures in detail,and to provide structural response information for many related studies such as seismic design,seismic damage assessment,and earthquake safety alarm.However,due to the constraints of economic cost,field testing technology and data processing level,it is unrealistic to deploy sensor monitoring equipment on all floors of the entire structure,so how to obtain the most complete structural information with the least number of sensors is the purpose of optimizing the layout of structural array sensors.Considering the advantages and disadvantages of the effective independent method and the modal kinetic energy method,a unit stiffness energy-driving point retention method was proposed,considering the advantages and disadvantages of the effective independent method and the modal kinetic energy method.In this method,the unit stiffness modal energy is used as the information matrix,and the principle of effective independence method is used to screen the measurement points,so as to ensure that the high-energy measurement points maintain linear independence to the greatest extent.Finally,taking a steel frame as an example,the proposed method,the effective independence method,the modal kinetic energy method and the unit stiffness method are used to lay the sensors on the model respectively,and the modal assurance criterion and the Fisher information matrix criterion are used to evaluate the layout results of the four methods.The results show that,compared with the other three methods,the proposed method has the least number of sensors when the mode vectors are linearly independent,and the proposed method can obtain the most modal information with the same number of sensors.

关 键 词：结构台阵 单位刚度能量 驱动点留数法 传感器 优化布设 

分 类 号：TU311[建筑科学—结构工程]