重载铁路桥梁病害的状态剖析和减灾设计及其施工技术  

State Analysis and Disaster Reduction Design of Heavy Haul Railway Bridge Defects and its Construction Technology

作　　者：殷涛 Yin Taoli(The Northeast Branch,China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Heilongjiang,Harbin 150006,China;Beijing Railway Research Construction Supervision Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102628,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司东北分院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [2]北京铁研建设监理有限责任公司,北京102628

出　　处：《铁道技术标准(中英文)》2025年第1期39-46,共8页Railway Technical Standard(Chinese & English)

摘　　要：朔黄铁路的大运量重载运输模式引起既有桥梁病害频发,无法满足朔黄铁路的运输要求。为解决病害桥梁影响朔黄重载铁路运输生产难题,依托朔黄重载铁路特大桥病害减灾设计案例,基于对既有桥梁状况的现场调查统计资料来剖析并归纳桥梁病害表现形式,对桥梁结构主要病害进行检算分析,提出针对性桥梁综合减灾设计方案和具体施工方法。实际应用表明,桩基托换加固设计方案解决了横向振幅超限、桩基承载力不足、桥墩局部冲刷深度低于承台底面病害。综合整治方法治理墩身腐蚀,梁体裂缝、掉块露筋,桥墩顶帽、托盘及墩身裂缝、掉块、漏筋和鼓起、支座悬空等桥梁病害可行有效。桥梁病害整治施工需对既有桥内部结构加强探测,建立施工安全实时监测系统。The large-volume and heavy-haul transportation mode of Shuo-huang Railway has caused frequent defects of existing bridges,which cannot meet the transportation requirements of Shuo-huang Railway.To solve the problem of bridges defects impacting the transportation of the Shuo-huang heavy-haul railway,taking the case of the defect rectification design of the Shuo-huang Heavy-haul Railway's super major bridges,this paper analyzes and summarizes the symptom of bridge defects based on the on-site investigation and statistical data of the existing bridge conditions,calculates and analyzes the main defects of the bridge structure,and proposes pertinently comprehensive disaster reduction remediation design schemes and specific construction methods of the existing bridges.Through practical application,it has been shown that the pile foundation replacement and reinforcement design scheme solves the defects of excessive clearance lateral amplitude,insufficient bearing capacity of pile foundation,and local scour depth of the pier below the bottom surface of the pile cap of pile foundation.The comprehensive remediation method is feasible and effective in treating bridge defects such as corrosion of bridge piers,cracks,chipping,and exposed steel bars in the beam and pier coping and bearing plates&pier shaft,and bulging on the bridge pier,as well as the problems of bridge bearing being suspended in the air.The remediation of bridge defects requires enhanced detection of the internal structure of the existing bridge and the establishment of a real-time monitoring system for construction safety.

关 键 词：铁路桥梁 病害类型 结构检算 减灾设计 施工方法 朔黄铁路 

分 类 号：U445.71[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]