“求胜意志”的救赎:五四落潮期周作人“人学”思想转换的一种思路  

The Redemption of the“Will to Win”and the Transformation of Zhou Zuoren’s Humanistic Thought during the May Fourth Movement

作　　者：张先飞 Zhang Xianfei(Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences,Zhengzhou SIAS University,Zhengzhou Henan,451150;School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240)

机构地区：[1]郑州西亚斯学院人文社会科学高等研究院,河南郑州451150 [2]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200240

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期28-37,共10页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“五四文学思想的传统资源及其变革研究”(21AZD138);国家社会科学基金重大项目“五四运动百年记忆史整理与研究”(18ZDA201)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：五四落潮期,周作人放弃对现代人道主义的坚守,不再执着从社会体制和普遍人性层面彻底改造社会,转向集中思考如何推动建设完善的个体内在精神世界。周作人提出新颖的理论范式,以一组相对待的范畴“求生意志”/“求胜意志”界定人的“肉的生活”与“内面生活”,以此调整“灵肉一元”的“人学”系统结构;还将从精神生活层面为人类现实困境寻求救赎的努力纳入建构“超越性”的“求胜意志”的活动中,为“内面生活”赋予了新的本质内涵。周作人在持续探究如何建构“求胜意志”的同时,被迫把目光重新凝聚到中国人失去“求生意志”的严峻问题上,严肃指出在中国营建“内面生活”需要满足一个前提,首先必须凭借“求胜意志”唤醒并培育国民的“求生意志”,破除国民精神毫无生机的僵局,具体路径是由所有“独异”个人扩张“求胜意志”,共同建设新文明与新道德。这一“人学”思想转换成果为1924年底“生活之艺术”观的提出设计了主导方向。During the later phase of the May Fourth Movement,Zhou Zuoren abandoned his commitment to modern humanitarianism and ceased his pursuit of a complete societal transformation from the perspectives of social structure and universal human nature.Instead,he turned his attention to contemplating how to foster the development of a comprehensive inner spiritual world in individuals.Zhou Zuoren introduced a novel theoretical paradigm,employing the contrasting categories of the“will to survive”and“will to win”to delineate human“physical life”and“inner life”.This paradigm aimed to reshape the“human studies”system,which advocated for the“unity of soul and flesh”.Furthermore,he incorporated efforts to seek redemption for humanity’s predicaments from a spiritual dimension into the construction of a“transcendent”will to win,thereby endowing the“inner life”with a newfound essence.While persistently exploring the construction of the“will to win”,Zhou Zuoren was compelled to refocus on the pressing issue of the Chinese people losing their“will to survive”.He solemnly emphasized that the establishment of an“inner life”in China necessitated a precondition:first,the“will to win”must be harnessed to awaken and nurture the“will to survive”among the populace,thereby breaking the deadlock of a spiritually stagnant nation.The specific path involved all“individuals”expanding their“will to win”and collaboratively constructing a new civilization and morality.This transformation in“humanistic”thought provided the primary direction for the introduction of the concept of the“art of life”at the end of 1924.

关 键 词：内面生活 现代人的悲哀 求胜意志 求生意志 超越性的精神 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]