麦秸行间集覆还田下控释氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质与氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of reduced application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield,quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to field

作　　者：韩笑 刘旭杰 石吕 张晋 单海勇 石晓旭 严旖旎 刘建[1] 薛亚光[1] HAN Xiao;LIU Xujie;SHI Lyu;ZHANG Jin;SHAN Haiyong;SHI Xiaoxu;YAN Yini;LIU Jian;XUE Yaguang(Nantong Key Laboratory of Recycling Agriculture of Nantong City,Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Nantong 226001,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,南通市循环农业重点实验室,江苏南通226001

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2025年第1期1-13,共13页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：南通市科技计划项目(MS22022095);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300903-02)。

摘　　要：为探究麦秸行间集覆还田下氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响,以长江中下游地区大面积种植的南粳9108和南粳5055为材料,等行距移栽下设置2种氮肥处理模式,即不施氮(T1)和当地习惯施氮量(速效氮肥,T2),在麦秸行间集覆还田宽窄行移栽下设置4种施肥模式,即当地习惯施氮量(速效氮肥,T3)、减氮10%(控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施,T4)、减氮20%(控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施,T5)、减氮30%(控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施,T6)。结果表明,宽窄行移栽较等行距移栽提高水稻产量,两个品种平均增产3.30%。相同移栽方式下,减氮10%会使两个品种水稻的有效穗数显著(P<0.05)降低,但仍能维持较高的产量;减氮20%~30%条件下,水稻产量能够稳定在江苏省内平均单产水平。减氮10%~20%能够改善稻米的外观品质。南粳9108和南粳5055分别在减氮30%和减氮10%~20%处理下有最高的食味值。氮肥减量下,两个品种水稻的氮肥吸收利用率均有所提高,南粳9108和南粳5055分别在减氮20%和减氮10%处理下氮肥吸收利用率最高。综上,麦秸行间集覆还田下,控释氮肥与尿素配施并减少10%~20%的施氮量能够获得较高的氮素吸收利用率和较优的稻米品质,同时实现减氮稳产和提质增效的目标。In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on rice yield,quality,and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw betweem rows for returning to the field,rice varieties of Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055,which were widely planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,were used as test materials in the present study.Two nitrogen fertilizer treatments were set up under equal row spacing transplantation,namely,no nitrogen application(T1)and local customary nitrogen application rate(quick acting nitrogen fertilizer,T2).Four fertilization treatments were set up under the concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to the field and the transplanting of wide and narrow rows,namely,local customary nitrogen application rate(quick acting nitrogen fertilizer,T3),nitrogen reduction rate of 10%(combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer,T4),nitrogen reduction rate of 20%(combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer,T5),and nitrogen reduction rate of 30%(combination of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer,T6).The results showed that the transplanting of wide and narrow rows could increase rice yield compared to the transplanting with equal row spacing,with an average yield increase of 3.30%for both varieties.Under the same transplanting mode,reducing nitrogen by 10%significantly(P<0.05)reduced the effective panicles,yet maintained high yield.Reducing nitrogen by 20%-30%could stabilize the rice yield at the average level of Jiangsu Province.Reducing nitrogen by 10%-20%could improve the appearance quality of rice.Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 got the highest taste value with the nitrogen reduciton rate of 30%and 10%-20%,respectively.The reduction of nitrogen rate resulted in an increase in the recovery efficiency of nitrogen(REN)of both rice varieties.The highest REN for Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing

关 键 词：麦秸行间集覆还田 氮肥减施 水稻 产量 品质 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]