西路军行军路线问题研究  

Study on the Marching Route of the Western Route Army

作　　者：陈杰[1] Chen Jie

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《苏区研究》2025年第1期85-99,共15页Soviet Area Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“大别山区革命歌谣文献资料整理与研究”(22CDJ028);河南省高等学校智库研究重大项目“大别山革命历史文化与党史学习教育创新实践研究”(2022ZKYJ01);郑州大学党的建设研究中心2021年招标项目(ZZUDJ2101201)。

摘　　要：中共中央在红军长征途中就酝酿着“打通国际”的战略方针,到达陕北后“打通国际”方针得以确立。由于苏联援助路线的变更,中共最终决定将红四方面军一部组成西路军,西征甘肃、新疆,打通与苏联的通道。西路军行军路线问题直接关系到“打通国际”战略能否成功实现。西征途中,在变幻莫测的国内外形势影响下,西路军的行军路线未能始终如一,总体上围绕西进、创立根据地和东进发生了五次转变。最终由于孤军深入,兵败河西走廊。西路军行军路线的多次转变,是“打通国际”战略失利的重要原因,其背后既有苏联、日本等国际因素的影响,也与中共创建根据地思想、西安事变、国共谈判、马家军的进攻以及西路军领导人的内部矛盾等有密切关系。The Central Committee of the CPC incubated the strategic policy of"Contacting the Comintern"during the Long March of the Red Army,and this policy was established after reaching northern Shaanxi.Due to the change of the Soviet Union's aid route,the CPC eventually decided to form a part of the Fourth Front Red Army into the Western Route Army to launch a western expedition to Gansu,Xinjiang,and open up the channel with the Soviet Union.The marching route of the Western Route Army was directly related to the successful realization of the strategy of"Contacting the Comintern".During the western expedition,under the influence of unpredictable domestic and foreign situations,the marching route of the Western Route Army was not consistent.In general,there have been five changes around the westward expedition,the establishment of base areas and the eastward expedition.In the end,due to penetrating deep into enemy territory,the isolated Western Route Army defeated in the Hexi corridor.The multiple changes of the Western Route Army's marching route were an important reason for the failure of the strategy of"Contacting the Comintern".The failure was not only influenced by the Soviet Union,Japan and other international factors,but also closely related to the CPC's idea of establishing base areas,the Xi'an Incident,the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the CPC,the attack of the Ma Warlord and the internal contradictions of the leaders of the Western Route Army.

关 键 词：西路军 西征 打通国际 行军路线 中国共产党 

分 类 号：E297.2[军事—军事理论] D231[政治法律—政治学]