地缘政治博弈下中国应对美西方国家关键矿产战略的策略  

China's strategies for dealing with critical mineral strategy of the US-led Western countries under the geopolitical game

作　　者：崔荣国 吴其斌 宋文婷 张迎新 程立海 董瑾 文梦迪 CUI Rongguo;WU Qibin;SONG Wenting;ZHANG Yingxin;CHENG Lihai;DONG Jin;WEN Mengdi(Information Center of Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100812,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部信息中心,北京100812

出　　处：《自然资源情报》2024年第12期49-55,共7页Natural Resources Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“双碳目标下全民所有自然资源资产国家所有权实现方式”(编号:22BFX132);自然资源部部门预算项目“自然资源综合管理重大问题研究”(编号:102121201010000009010)。

摘　　要：在全球地缘政治博弈背景下,关键矿产供应链将显著影响能源安全格局与能源转型进程。西方国家正加快推进关键矿产战略,强调供应链的多元化和“去风险化”,我国战略性矿产资源安全将面临全方位挑战。研究表明,中国关键矿产产业链呈现“中间大、两头小”的状况,产业链中游的冶炼加工能力较强,上游资源储量不足,下游材料制造、工业、回收利用等技术能力偏弱。美西方国家实施的关键矿产战略,既对全球矿产供应链和资源治理体系带来直接影响,也对我国供应链安全造成严重负面冲击。建议充分利用国内国外两种资源,拓展供应链国内外双向延伸路径,加大勘查力度,扩大产能投资,推进循环利用并建立储备制度,拓展海外供应链渠道;积极推进矿产资源领域差异化国际合作,尤其是强化与共建“一带一路”国家的合作,实现互利共赢;寻求建立与西方对话合作机制,争取达成共识。The supply chain of critical minerals will significantly affect the energy security pattern and the process of energy transition under the global geopolitics.Western countries are accelerating the promotion of critical mineral strategies,and emphasizing the diversification and"derisking"of supply chains,which makes the security of China's strategic mineral resources face all-round challenges.The research shows that China's strategic mineral industry chain presents a situation of"large in the middle and small at both ends",with strong smelting and processing capacity in the middle of the industry chain,insufficient resource reserves in the upstream,and weak technical capabilities in material manufacturing and recycling in the downstream.The critical mineral strategy implemented by the US-led Western countries not only has a direct impact on the global supply chain and resource governance system,but also has a serious negative impact on the security of China's supply chain.The following suggestions are proposed:①to make full use of domestic and foreign resources,and expand the two-way extension path of the supply chain at home and abroad;②to establish a reserve system and promote recycling by increasing domestic exploration and capacity investment;③actively to promote differentiated international cooperation in the field of mineral resources,especially deepen cooperation with Belt and Road partner countries to achieve mutual benefit,and seek to establish a mechanism for dialogue and cooperation with the US-led Western countries to reach a consensus.

关 键 词：关键矿产 战略性矿产 地缘政治 供应链 矿产资源安全 

分 类 号：F426.1[经济管理—产业经济] K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学] F125