基于氮平衡的山西省畜禽养殖环境承载力研究  

Study on environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in Shanxi Province based on nitrogen balance

作　　者：韩伟宏 智慧勇 李建军 杨燕[1] 姚晓萍[1] 张振宇 HAN Weihong;ZHI Huiyong;LI Jianjun;YANG Yan;YAO Xiaoping;ZHANG Zhenyu(College of Agricultural Economics and Management,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi Province 030600,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农业经济管理学院,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第3期184-190,197,共8页China Feed

基　　金：2022年度国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“气象风险冲击下经济林农户生产行为及风险防控研究”(72203133);山西省社科联重点课题“粮食安全背景下山西省节粮型畜牧业发展驱动机制及政策研究”(SSKLZDKT2024034);山西“特”,“优”农业信息化与产业经济(TYGC-59);山西省哲学社会科学规划课题:农业生产托管高效路径促进农业高质量发展研究(2022YY040);山西省社科联专项课题:数字金融赋能乡村振兴对山西农户生计多样化影响研究(SSKLZXKT2022051);山西省委农办2022年度实施乡村振兴战略研究课题:山西农民增收和脱贫人口增收对策研究(202202-1);山西省社会科学院(山西省人民政府发展研究中心)规划一般课题,乡村振兴战略视角下山西省农村产业融合发展研究(YWYB202201);山西农业大学教学改革研究项目:“农光互补”教学科研实践基地建设探索与实践(JG-202308)。

摘　　要：山西省畜牧业发展趋向于规模化、集约化,其粪便资源的不合理配置,会带来巨大的资源浪费和环境污染,实现氮平衡的农牧循环有利于生态保护和畜禽粪便资源化高效利用。文章基于2012-2022年山西省统计年鉴数据,运用氮养分平衡法和GIS空间分析对山西省畜禽养殖环境承载力进行研究。2021年山西省理想畜禽养殖环境承载力总量为1.057×10^(8)(猪当量)头,对比实际情况,山西省畜禽养殖还有1458.2×10^(4)(猪当量)头缺口,种养平衡未达到理想状态;长治市、晋城市、晋中市、吕梁市等4市的畜禽养殖超载;晋南晋中地区的单位环境承载力和畜禽养殖总量优于晋北地区,晋北地区的种养均衡现状要优于晋南晋中地区。根据山西省农业发展战略和山西省畜牧业发展实际,提出警惕山西省各市种养平衡未达到理想状态所带来风险和“南饲北调,北肥南供”建议,以期为山西省种植业和畜牧业高质量发展提供启发,促进农牧业可持续发展。The development of animal husbandry in Shanxi Province tends to be large-scale intensive,and the unreasonable allocation of manure resources will lead to huge waste of resources and environmental pollution.The realization of nitrogen balanced agricultural and animal husbandry cycle is conducive to ecological protection and efficient utilization of livestock manure resources.Based on the data of Shanxi Statistical Yearbook from 2012 to 2022,the environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in Shanxi Province was studied by using nitrogen and nutrient balance method and GIS spatial analysis.In 2021,the total ideal environmental carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding in Shanxi Province was 1.057×10^(8)(pig equivalent)head.Compared with the actual situation,there was a gap of 1458.2×10^(4)(pig equivalent)head in livestock and poultry breeding in Shanxi Province,and the breeding balance has not reached the ideal state.The overloading of livestock and poultry breeding in Changzhi City,Jincheng City,Jinzhong City and Luliang City;The unit environmental carrying capacity and the total amount of livestock and poultry breeding in South Jinzhong region were better than those in north Shanxi region,and the current situation of breeding balance in North Shanxi region was better than that in South Jinzhong region.According to the agricultural development strategy of Shanxi Province and the actual development of animal husbandry in Shanxi Province,this paper puts forward the suggestion of"feeding from south to north,fertilizing from north to south"to guard against the risks caused by the lack of ideal breeding balance in Shanxi Province,in order to provide inspiration for the high-quality development of planting and animal husbandry in Shanxi Province and promote the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.

关 键 词：氮养平衡 畜禽养殖 承载力 GIS空间分析 种养结合 

分 类 号：S8-1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]