星形胶质细胞调节中枢神经系统的髓鞘再生  

Astrocytes regulate remyelination in central nervous system

作　　者：水晶 何宇 江楠 徐坤 宋丽娟 丁智斌[1,2] 马存根[2] 李新毅 Shui Jing;He Yu;Jiang Nan;Xu Kun;Song Lijuan;Ding Zhibin;Ma Cungen;Li Xinyi(Department of Neurology,Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University(Shanxi Bethune Hospital,Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital),Taiyuan 030032,Shanxi Province,China;Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Department of Encephalopathy,First Clinical College,Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi Province,China;Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of Ministry of Education,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学第三医院(山西白求恩医院,山西医学科学院,同济山西医院)神经内科,山西省太原市030032 [2]山西中医药大学国家中医药管理局多发性硬化益气活血重点研究室/第一临床学院脑病科,山西省晋中市030619 [3]山西医科大学细胞生理学教育部重点实验室,山西省太原市030001

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第36期7889-7897,共9页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82301579),项目负责人:丁智斌;山西医科大学第三医院人才引进科研启动金项目(2021RC033),项目负责人:丁智斌;2022年山西省科技创新青年人才团队(202204051001028),项目负责人:宋丽娟。

摘　　要：背景:中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等的影响。目的:星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发挥着调节突触活动、营养支持及组织修复等重要作用。文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。方法:检索2014-2024年在中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库收录的文献,中文检索词:“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”,英文检索词:“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”,经筛选后提取66篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)以多发性硬化为代表的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗主要是疾病修饰疗法,尚无可用的促进髓鞘再生的方法,因此,探索髓鞘再生相关靶点以促进髓鞘再生是十分必要的。(2)髓鞘再生是由少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移、分化、成熟为少突胶质细胞,后者产生髓磷脂包裹轴突以形成髓鞘的过程。(3)星形胶质细胞通过吞噬髓鞘碎片、参与炎性反应、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化、为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞供能、释放神经营养因子、分泌细胞外基质成分等调节髓鞘再生。(4)文章所归纳的药物是以星形胶质细胞及其衍生因子作为干预靶点调控髓鞘再生,部分药物效果尚可,但其有效性及安全性仍需更多的基础研究及临床试验来验证。(5)星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用机制尚未完全阐明,相关的分子靶点及信号通路有待进一步研究。BACKGROUND:Remyelination in the central nervous system is a basic repair process triggered by demyelinating events,mainly through the proliferation,migration,and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.The process of remyelination is affected by many factors such as astrocytes,myelin debris,microglia,macrophages,endothelial cells,pericytes,T cells,and age.OBJECTIVE:Astrocytes play an important role in regulating synaptic activity,nutritional support,and tissue repair in the central nervous system.This review aims to provide potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating diseases of central nervous system by reviewing the role of astrocytes in remyelination.METHODS:A search was conducted on relevant literature collected from CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science from 2014 to 2024.The search terms were“astrocytes,oligodendrocyte precursor cells,remyelination”in both Chinese and English.Finally,66 articles were included after screening and summarized.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The treatment of demyelinating diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,is limited to disease-modifying therapies,and there is no available method to overcome the failure of remyelination.Therefore,it is necessary to explore targets related to remyelination to promote myelin repair.(2)Remyelination is a process in which oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferate,migrate,differentiate,and mature into oligodendrocytes,and the latter produce myelin to wrap axons to form myelin sheath.(3)Astrocytes regulate remyelination by phagocytosis of myelin debris,participating in inflammatory response,transforming into oligodendrocyte lineage cells,providing energy supply for oligodendrocyte lineage cells,releasing neurotrophic factors,and secreting extracellular matrix components.(4)The drugs screened in this paper use astrocytes and their derived factors as intervention targets to regulate the remyelination.Some drugs have satisfactory effects,but their effectiveness and safety still need more basic research and clinical trials t

关 键 词：星形胶质细胞 中枢神经系统 少突胶质细胞前体细胞 少突胶质细胞 髓鞘再生 髓鞘碎片 神经营养因子 细胞外基质 胆固醇 机制 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R338