新兴权利证成进路的反思与优化--基于“两阶层”的权利证成框架  

Reflection and Optimization of the Path of Justification of Emerging Rights--Based on the“Two-tier”Framework of Justification of Emerging Rights

作　　者：杨清望[1,2] 贠晓灵 YANG Qing-wang;YUN Xiao-ling

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院 [2]中南大学人权研究中心,长沙410083

出　　处：《北方论丛》2025年第1期83-96,共14页The Northern Forum

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“社会主义核心价值观与国家荣誉、纪念、庆典法治建设的研究”(17AHJ002);国家人权教育与培训基地重大项目“新时代中国特色人权保护和发展模式对人权理论的发展研究”(22JJD820047)。

摘　　要：新兴权利证成议题意欲证明一个规范性命题的合法性:某一利益主张应当上升为法律权利。新兴权利之证成可以总结为两个连续的步骤:先证成某种利益应当为法律所保护,再证成这一保护应当以“权利”的方式进行,这便是新兴权利证成的“两阶层”框架,这一框架可以用“价值三段论”和“标准三段论”来表达。当前的新兴权利证成研究中,“价值三段论”论证的充分性被个人理性对复杂利益冲突的体认能力和学者所选取的论证策略所限制,“标准三段论”所必需的权利标准的建构混淆了权利的“准入标准”和“识别标准”。新兴权利证成的实践价值不在于防止“权利泛化”对权利观念带来的危害,而在于为立法和司法活动提供参考。“价值三段论”大前提的构建可以参照司法判例大数据。“标准三段论”中用以充当利益到权利的“门槛”的权利标准应当是竞争性的标准。Emerging rights are intended to justify a normative proposition:an advocacy of interests ought to be elevated to legal rights.The justification of emerging rights can be summarized in two successive steps:step one:prove some kind of interest are supposed to be protected by law,Step two:prove this protection should be carried out in the form of“rights”,which is the“two-tier”framework of emerging rights proofing also can be expressed in the terms of“value syllogism”and“standard syllogism”.In current research on the verification of emerging rights,the sufficiency of the“value syllogism”is limited by the ability of individual’s rational recognition of complex interest conflicts and the argumentative strategy selected by scholars,as the construction of rights standards necessary for“standard syllogism”confuses the“access criteria”and“identification criteria”of rights.The practical value of emerging rights certification lies not in preventing the harm caused by“generalization of rights”to the concept of rights,but in providing reference for legislative and judicial activities.The construction of the premise of the“value syllogism”can refer to the big data of judicial precedents.The standard of rights used in the“standard syllogism”as a“threshold”for interests to rights should be competitive.

关 键 词：新兴权利证成 “两阶层”框架 司法大数据 权利证成标准 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]