儿童尿石症的防治现状与展望  

Current status and future prospects of prevention and treatment of pediatric urolithiasis

作　　者：何天衢 赵天望 He Tianqu;Zhao Yaowang(Department of Urology,The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University(Hunan Children's Hospital),Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医学院附属儿童医院(湖南省儿童医院)泌尿外科,长沙410007

出　　处：《临床小儿外科杂志》2025年第1期1-6,共6页Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery

基　　金：湖南省儿童泌尿生殖疾病临床医学研究中心(2021SK4017);湖南省卫生健康委科研计划项目(B202304057979)。

摘　　要：近年来,儿童尿石症的发病率在全球范围内逐渐上升。体外冲击波碎石术、逆行肾内手术和经皮肾镜碎石术等微创技术已成为儿童尿石症的主要治疗方式。儿童(特别是婴幼儿)在解剖和生理上与成人存在显著差异,手术规划和管理时需特别考虑这些差异。预防儿童尿石症的关键措施包括合理的液体摄入、饮食管理、代谢评估和药物干预,且应根据个体化病因制定针对性的预防策略。未来,防治策略将更加依赖于个性化和精准化的手术干预及随访管理。小型化手术器械的应用、药物研发进展以及高质量研究的积累将有效推动儿童尿石症的防治进程。In recent years,the incidence of pediatric urolithiasis has been increasing globally.Minimally invasive techniques,such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy,retrograde intrarenal surgery,and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy,have become the mainstay of treatment for pediatric urolithiasis.Children,wspecially infants and toddlers,exhibit significant anatomical and physiologic differences from adults,which necessitate special considerations in surgical planning and management.Key measures for preventing pediatric urolithiasis include appropriate fluid intake,dietary management,metabolic evaluation,and pharmacological intervention,with targeted prevention strategies based on individualized etiologies.In the future,prevention and treatment strategies will increasingly rely on personalized and precise surgical interventions and follow-up management.Advances in miniaturized surgical instruments,pharmaceutical development,and the accumulation of high-quality research will effectively promote progress in the prevention and treatment of pediatric urolithiasis.

关 键 词：尿路结石症 疾病管理 外科手术 儿童 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]