哲古草原土壤原生动物群落结构及其对环境因子的响应  

Community Structure of Soil Protozoa and Its Response to Environmental Factors in the Zhegu Steppe

作　　者：李明燕 黄倩 李天顺 朱文琎 普布[1] LI Ming-yan;HUANG Qian;LI Tian-shun;ZHU Wen-jin;PU Bu(School of Ecology and Environment,Xizang University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学生态环境学院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2024年第6期98-105,共8页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：“一江四河”流域生物多样性调研与维持机制评价综合科学考察项目(藏财科教指1号,藏财教指01号);西藏大学2024年度硕士研究生“高水平人才培养计划”项目(2022-GSP-S059)。

摘　　要：为探究哲古草原土壤原生动物群落特征及其与环境因子的相关性,根据哲古草原地理特征设置7块样地,并于2021年8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)以“梅花五点采样法”采集70份土壤样品,采用“非淹没培养皿法”和“活体观察法”对土壤原生动物进行培养与鉴定,共鉴定出161种土壤原生动物,隶属13纲29目56科87属,其中旋毛纲(Spirotrichea)在夏季和秋季丰度最大,异毛纲(Heterotrichea)和瓶纤纲(Armophorea)在夏季丰度最小;太阳纲(Heliozoea)和核残基纲(Karyorelictea)在秋季丰度最小;通过计算Alpha多样性指数分析群落结构在时间上的差异,利用Mantel分析探究土壤原生动物群落与土壤环境因子的关系。结果显示,Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Simpson优势度指数(C)在季节间有显著差异(P<0.01),即哲古草原土壤原生动物结构受到季节的影响;速效钾(RAK)、全氮(TN)和土壤有机质(SOM)是影响夏秋季土壤原生动物物种分布的主要环境因子。该研究结果可为哲古草原土壤生态环境的保护与修复提供基础理论依据。In order to explore the characteristics of soil protozoa community and its correlation with environmental factors,seven sample sites were set up according to the geographical characteristics in the Zhegu Steppe,and a total of 70 soil samples were collected using the plum blossom five-point method in August(summer)and October(autumn)of 2021.Next,the culture and identification of soil protozoa were carried out using the non-flooded Petri dish method and the in vivo observation method.A total of 161 soil protozoa species were identified,belonging to 13 classes,29 orders,56 families and 87 genera,among which Spirotrichea was the most abundant in summer and autumn.Heterotrichea and Armophorea were the least abundant in summer,while Heliozoea and Karyorelictea possessed the lowest abundances in autumn.The Alpha diversity index was calculated to analyze the difference of community structure in time,and the Mantel analysis was used to explore the relationships between the soil protozoa community and the soil environmental factors.The results showed that the Margalef species richness index(D),the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)and the Simpson dominance index(C)were significantly different between seasons(P<0.01),indicating that the soil protozoan structure was affected by seasons.Available potassium(RAK),total nitrogen(TN)and soil organic matter(SOM)were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of soil protozoa species in summer and autumn.This study provides basic data for the protection and restoration of soil ecological environment in the Zhegu Steppe.

关 键 词：土壤原生动物 物种多样性 环境因子 哲古草原 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]