柔性薄壁轴承寿命试验机的研制及特性分析  

Development and Characteristic Analysis of Flexible Thin Wall Bearing Life Testing Machine

作　　者：李振 苗壮 徐孝国 高健[2] 李伟光[3] LI Zhen;MIAO Zhuang;XU Xiaoguo;GAO Jian;LI Weiguang(School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering,Yantai University Yantai,264005,China;School of Electromechanical Engineering,Guangzhou University of Technology Guangzhou,510006,China;School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology Guangzhou,510640,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台大学机电与汽车工程学院,烟台264005 [2]广东工业大学机电工程学院,广州510006 [3]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广州510640

出　　处：《振动.测试与诊断》2025年第1期116-123,204,共9页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(“八六三”计划)资助项目(2015AA043005);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375178,51875216);山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2023QE280)。

摘　　要：针对柔性薄壁轴承在谐波减速器中的损伤问题,提出了一种基于振动检测的故障诊断及寿命试验方法,以研究柔性薄壁轴承的失效机理。首先,分析了柔性薄壁轴承在谐波减速器中的受载方式及其运动学特性,揭示了其在承载过程中内圈、外圈及滚动体的受力特点和损伤易发部位;其次,设计了用于检测柔性薄壁轴承故障的试验机,通过振动信号监测轴承的健康状态;然后,推导了柔性薄壁轴承中具有椭圆特性的内圈、外圈及滚动体的故障特征频率求解模型,确定了柔性薄壁轴承的故障特征频率表现为一区间范围内的变动值;最后,通过柔性薄壁轴承寿命试验确定了其疲劳特性,获得合适的概率修正系数。试验结果表明,柔性薄壁轴承的概率修正系数Ka在0.15~0.2范围内较为合适,并且与普通轴承具有固定的故障特征频率不同,柔性薄壁轴承的故障特征频率在一定范围内波动,有效支持了故障特征的早期检测和准确诊断。To address the issue of damage to flexible thin-walled bearings in harmonic reducers,this paper pro⁃poses a fault diagnosis and life testing method based on vibration detection to investigate the failure mechanism of flexible thin-walled bearings.First,we analyze the loading modes and kinematic characteristics of flexible thin-walled bearings in harmonic reducers,revealing the stress distribution and prone-to-failure areas of the inner ring,outer ring,and rolling elements during load-bearing.Next,a test rig is developed to monitor the health condition of the flexible thin-walled bearing through vibration signals.Then,we derive a model for calculating the fault characteristic frequencies of the inner ring,outer ring,and rolling elements with elliptical characteris⁃tics,identifying that the fault characteristic frequencies of flexible thin-walled bearings fluctuate within a specific range.Finally,a life test of flexible thin-walled bearings is conducted to determine their fatigue characteristics and obtain an appropriate modified probability coefficient.Experimental results indicate that a probability modifi⁃cation coefficient Ka within the range from 0.15 to 0.2 is suitable.Unlike standard bearings which have fixed fault characteristic frequencies,the fault characteristic frequency of flexible thin-walled bearings fluctuates within a certain range,effectively supporting early fault detection and accurate diagnosis.

关 键 词：柔性薄壁轴承 寿命试验机 故障特征频率 时变特性 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] TK267[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]