航空1/8英寸沉头注油嘴收口过程塑性变形分析及优化  

Analysis and Optimization of Plastic Deformation during the Closing Process of Aviation 1/8-inch Countersunk Oil Nozzle

作　　者：张洋 胡隆伟 罗杰 吴英宏 莫太骞 肖华强[2] 林波[2] ZHANG Yang;HU Longwei;LUO Jie;WU Yinghong;MO Taiqian;XIAO Huaqiang;LIN Bo(Guizhou Aerospace Precision Products Co.,Ltd.,Guizhou Zunyi 563000,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州航天精工制造有限公司,贵州遵义563000 [2]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《精密成形工程》2025年第2期219-227,共9页Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52065009);贵州省基础研究计划(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]重点031)。

摘　　要：目的为探明1/8英寸(1英寸≈2.54 cm)沉头注油嘴收口过程中的塑性变形规律并进行工艺优化,揭示成形前初始件尺寸、加工方法、模具形式及其细节尺寸对注油嘴收口过程中塑性变形及显微组织的影响规律,进而有效提高成形后的装配精度,保证制件注油润滑功能及服役寿命。方法通过对注油嘴的塑性变形收口过程进行有限元仿真分析(如成形方法、模具结构、工件尺寸等),验证了上述因素对收口过程塑性流动的影响规律,并优化了实际工况下的注油嘴成形过程工艺。此外,采用EBSD分析了旋压塑性变形下微观组织的演变规律。结果相对于直压法,旋压过程中成形力较小且成形过程平缓,因此旋压法更有利于注油嘴的直接成形。此外,由不同注油嘴的细节尺寸及旋压参数的有限元模拟分析结果可知,在无顶杆、适中的圆弧半径和芯模转速等条件下成形性能最佳。经较大的塑性变形后,注油嘴在旋压变形位置的晶粒细化效果显著,不仅有助于提升材料的力学性能,还能进一步增强注油嘴在复杂工作环境下的稳定性和耐久性。结论相比于直压法,旋压工艺更适宜于1/8英寸沉头注油嘴的收口成形。The work aims to investigate the plastic deformation during the closing process of a 1/8-inch countersunk oil nozzle and apply these findings to process optimization and reveal the effect law of the initial dimensions of the workpiece,processing methods,mold form and its detailed dimensions on the plastic deformation and microstructure during the process of oil nozzle closing,so as to improve the assembly precision after forming and ensure the oil lubrication function and service life of the workpiece.Finite element simulation analysis was conducted on the plastic deformation and closing process of the oil nozzle(such as forming method,mold structure,workpiece size,etc.)to verify the effect of the aforementioned factors on the plastic flow and optimize the forming process of the oil nozzle under actual working conditions.In addition,the effect of plastic deformation on the microstructure was studied with Electron Backscatter Diffraction(EBSD).Compared to the direct pressing method,the spinning method was more conducive to the direct forming of the oil nozzle due to its relatively small forming force and smooth forming process.In addition,finite element simulation analysis based on different nozzle details or spinning param-eters revealed that the forming performance was better under conditions such as no top rod,moderate arc radius,and mandrel speed.After plastic deformation,the grain refinement effect of the oil nozzle at the spinning deformation position was signifi-cant,not only helping to improve the mechanical properties of the material,but also further enhancing the stability and durabil-ity of the oil nozzle in complex working environments.Compared to the direct pressing method,the spinning process is more suitable for the closing forming of 1/8-inch countersunk oil nozzles.

关 键 词：注油嘴 结构设计 旋压变形 有限元模拟 塑性变形 

分 类 号：TG306[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]