深埋煤层临空面开采覆岩结构失稳机理与防治技术  

Instability mechanism and prevention technology of overlying rock structure in the mining of deep-buried coal seam free face

作　　者：解嘉豪 崔峰[1,4] 韩刚 苌玉 刘虎 郝晓琦 XIE Jiahao;CUI Feng;HAN Gang;CHANG Yu;LIU Hu;HAO Xiaoqi(College of Energy Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;China Coal Energy Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710054,China;China Coal Rock Burst and Water Hazard Control Center,Ordos 017200,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention,Ministry of Education,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]中煤能源研究院有限责任公司,陕西西安710054 [3]中煤冲击地压与水害防治研究中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017200 [4]西安科技大学西部矿井开采及灾害防治教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2024年第6期1050-1059,共10页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52422404)。

摘　　要：针对深埋煤层临空面开采过程中,覆岩结构失稳及诱冲灾害这一难题,以石拉乌素煤矿为背景,运用理论分析与现场监测等手段,研究了工作面上方覆岩结构演化规律与矿震诱冲机理,提出了工作面覆岩爆破防冲措施,并进行了现场验证。结果表明:221_(上)08工作面在实体煤开采阶段主关键层极限破断步距为186.54 m,临空面开采时主关键层极限破断步距为337.79 m,低位关键层由O-X破断转变为高位关键层X-O破断;221_(上)08工作面两侧实体煤开采阶段,覆岩空间结构呈长臂F型结构,当工作面进入临空采空区进行开采时,覆岩结构由长臂F型结构转变为长臂T型结构,由于主关键层随工作面开采达到极限破断步距,在自身重力作用下将会逐步弯曲、下沉,释放大量弯曲弹性能,诱发矿震现象;主关键层爆破切顶手段的实施将微震事件由“高能-低频”转换为“低能-高频”,有效降低矿井发生矿震频率,保障了现场的安全生产,为此类矿井提供理论参考依据。In response to the problem of instability of the overlying rock structure and induced impact disasters during the free face mining process of deep buried coal seams,taking Shilawusu coal mine as the background,theoretical analysis and on-site monitoring methods were used to deeply analyze the evolution law of the overlying rock structure above the working face and the mechanism of mining induced impact.The preventive measures of overlying rock burst on the working face were put forward and verified on site.The results show that the maximum breaking step distance of the main key layer in the 221-08 working face during the solid coal mining stage is 186.54 m,and the maximum breaking step distance of the main key layer during the open face mining is 337.79 m.The low-level key layer changes from O-X breaking to high-level key layer X-O breaking;During the solid coal mining stage on both sides of the 221-08 working face,the spatial structure of the overlying rock presents a long arm F-shaped structure.When the working face enters the goaf for mining,the overlying rock structure changes from a long arm “F”-shaped structure to a long arm T-shaped structure.Due to the maximum breaking step distance of the main key layer during mining on the working face,it will gradually bend and sink under its own gravity,releasing a large amount of bending elastic properties and inducing the mining seismic phenomenon.The implementation of the blasting and top cutting method for the main key layer effectively converts microseismic events from “high energy low frequency” to “low energy high frequency”,effectively reducing the frequency of mining induced vibrations in the mine,ensuring safe production on site,and providing theoretical reference for such mines.

关 键 词：长臂F型 长臂T型 X-O结构 采空区 爆破卸压 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]