核桃冠层温度与冠气温差变化特征及其对环境因素的响应  

Temporal Variation Characteristics of Walnut Canopy Temperature and Canopy-air Temperature Difference and Their Response to Environmental Factors

作　　者：毛炼 杨滢 何子奇 陆森[1,2] 刘琳奇 张劲松 王宝庆[4] MAO Lian;YANG Ying;HE Zi-qi;LU Sen;LIU Lin-qi;ZHANG Jin-song;WANG Bao-qing(State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Co-Inovation for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;Aksu National Observation and Research Station of Chinese Forest Ecosystem,Aksu 843000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [3]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌城市生态系统定位观测研究站,南昌市城市森林生态重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [4]阿克苏森林生态国家观测研究站,新疆阿克苏843000

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2025年第1期50-60,共11页Forest Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目;江西省自然科学基金(20242BAB20260);江西省林业科学院基础研究与人才科研专项(2024520801)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究核桃冠层温度与冠气温差变化特征以及与环境因子之间的关系,为基于热指数诊断核桃水分状况提供理论依据。[方法]以新疆阿克苏地区核桃果园为研究对象,连续同步观测核桃冠层温度与环境参数,定期测定核桃叶片蒸腾速率,分析核桃冠层温度与冠气温差的变化特征,确定冠层表面能量分量对冠层温度的影响,探讨冠层温度与冠气温差对环境因子的响应机制。[结果]核桃冠层温度与冠气温差均呈现单峰变化趋势,但冠层温度变化与空气温度变化之间存在时间滞后效应。水分充足条件下,净辐射、蒸腾潜热以及对流换热在冠层表面能量平衡中的占比分别为54.60%~55.42%、40.56%~45.11%以及-0.53%~4.84%之间,最大可使冠层温度变化11.12、7.22以及1.65℃。冠层温度与冠气温差对环境条件的响应存在差异,核桃冠层温度与空气温度的相关性最好,而冠气温差与太阳辐射的相关性最佳,核桃冠气温差对土壤水分变化的敏感性相对于冠层温度更强。风速对冠层温度与冠气温差均存在一定影响。[结论]使用热指数诊断核桃果园水分状况是可行的,未来在构建核桃无水分胁迫基线与无蒸腾基线时,需考虑太阳辐射与风速对冠气温差的影响;同时,在使用热指数诊断核桃水分状况时,需考虑冠层温度与空气温度之间的时滞效应。[Objective]The canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference are important parameters for determining plant water status and are affected by environmental conditions.Analyzing the canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference dynamics and their relationships with environmental factors are important to provide a theoretical basis for the water status determination of walnut orchard through a thermal index method.[Method]The research was performed in a walnut orchard in Aksu,Xinjiang.Measurements of canopy temperature,environmental parameters,and transpiration rate were continuously and synchronically conducted.The variation characteristics of walnut canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference were analyzed.Then the influences of canopy surface energy components on canopy temperature were determined,and the responses of canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference to environmental factors were studied.[Results]The diurnal variation curves of walnut canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference were both unimodal,and a time lag existed between the canopy-temperature dynamic and the air-temperature dynamic.Under well-watered conditions,the proportions of net radiation,latent heat of transpiration and convective heat transfer in the energy balance of canopy surface were 54.60%to 55.42%,40.56%to 45.11%,and-0.53%to 4.84%,respectively,which can change the canopy temperature by maximum 11.12、7.22、and 1.65℃,respectively.The responses of canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference to external environmental conditions were different.The canopy temperature had the strongest correlation with air temperature,while the relevance between the canopy-air temperature difference and solar radiation was the highest.Compared to the canopy temperature,canopy-air temperature difference was more sensitive to the changes in the soil water content.Moreover,wind speed also affected both canopy temperature and canopy-air temperature difference.[Conclusion]It is feasi

关 键 词：冠层温度 冠气温差 环境因子 时滞效应 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学] S716