高原与平原环境下轻型车蒸发排放差异性研究  

Study on the Difference of Evaporative Emission of Vehicles in Plateau and Plain Environment

作　　者：许卿云 王计广 黄佑贤 佘红楼 顾王文 XU Qingyun;WANG Jiguang;HUANG Youxian;SHE Honglou;GU Wangwen(Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture Research Institute of Inspection and Testing,Mengzi Yunnan,661100,China;CATARC Automotive Test Center(Kunming)Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]红河哈尼族彝族自治州检验检测院,云南蒙自661100 [2]中汽研汽车检验中心(昆明)有限公司

出　　处：《小型内燃机与车辆技术》2024年第6期86-92,共7页Small Internal Combustion Engine and Vehicle Technique

摘　　要：当前中国的汽车产业正在迈向中国式现代化新征程,进入了智能化、低碳化全面升级的新阶段。降低占汽车总碳氢排放量五分之一以上的蒸发排放污染物成为了目前关注的重点。然而受限于排放试验室的地理位置,大部分关于蒸发排放的研究均位于平原海拔近0 m的地方,因此相关蒸发排放研究没有考虑海拔因素的影响。为了更好地研究海拔因素对蒸发排放的影响,采用三辆车分别在海拔1 914 m的高原地区和5 m的平原地区进行蒸发排放试验。研究表明,随海拔升高,降低的空气密度会导致发动机的进气量减少,发动机缸内偏离最佳空燃比,燃烧不充分,影响炭罐脱附口电磁阀的启动,炭罐工作能力下降,车辆在循环工况中脱附流量降低,最终导致高原环境下车辆蒸发排放相对较高。在实车标定过程中,建议兼顾考虑炭罐目标工作能力以及保持发动机稳定燃烧。At present,China′s automobile industry is moving towards a new journey of the Chinese-style modernization with characteristics,which is entering a new phase to the upgradation of intelligent and low carbon.Reducing evaporative emissions pollution has become the focus of attention in material science,which are more than one-fifth of the total hydrocarbon emissions of automobiles.However,due to the geographical location of the emission testing laboratory,most studies on evaporative emissions have been located at an altitude of nearly 0m on the plains.Therefore,the studies on evaporative emissions did not consider the impact of altitude factors.In order to study the impact of altitude factors on evaporative emissions better,evaporative emission experiments with 3 vehicles were conducted in plateau areas with an altitude of 1914 m and plain areas with an altitude of 5 m.The research shows the inflow of engine decreases as the air gets thinner with the increasing of the altitude.The air fuel ratio is far from the best ratio of ignition,resulting in the incomplete combustion.The result makes the canister solenoid valve more difficult to open and close to meet the engine conditions,leading to the reduction in the reliability of carbon canister operation.Then,the vehicle evaporative emissions are relatively higher,while the canister purge flow in driving cycles is lower at high altitude environment.It is recommended to consider both the target carbon canister operation and a stable combustion of the engine in the vehicle calibration.

关 键 词：高原 平原 蒸发排放 汽车 脱附流量 

分 类 号：TK417.126[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]