公共精神的哲学变革与重建——基于历史唯物主义的视角  

Philosophical Change and Reconstruction of Public Spirituality:From the Perspective of Historical Materialism

作　　者：陈飞[1] Chen Fei(School of Marxism,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学马克思主义学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《教学与研究》2025年第1期76-87,共12页Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“政治经济学批判视域下的微观权力思想研究”(项目号:21BZX030)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古典政治哲学的德性公共精神和近代政治哲学的契约公共精神是历史唯物主义进入公共精神思考的总背景。德性公共精神是与传统共同体社会的生存形态和活动方式相适应的精神形态,它代表着个人对传统共同体所奉行的强制性价值规范的认同精神和归属精神。契约公共精神是指对在普遍共识基础上形成的契约规则的认同精神和尊重精神,它强调个人特殊性的目的只有通过普遍性契约规则的支撑和保障才能够得到实现。历史唯物主义的实践观点把包括公共精神在内的一切精神形态纳入到感性生产实践和社会历史过程中加以辩证的理解,揭示了公共精神的根源、特质、存在形态和超越路径。历史唯物主义视野中的公共精神实现了对无个人主体性的德性公共精神和以个人主体性为根据的契约公共精神的双重超越,意味着对公共精神形态的重新规定,它内在地要求实践基础、社会关系、思维方式的根本变革。The public spirituality centered on morality in classical political philosophy and that based on contracts in modern political philosophy are the general background against which historical materialism looks into public spirituality.The public spirituality centered on morality is a spiritual form that corresponds to the form of existence and mode of activity in a traditional society of community,and it represents the spirit of recognition and belonging of individuals to the mandatory value norms pursued by the traditional community.The public spirituality based on contracts refers to the spirit of identification with and respect for contractual rules formed on the basis of universal consensus,which emphasizes that the purpose of individual particularity can only be realized through the support and guarantee of universal contractual rules.The practical viewpoint of historical materialism integrates all spiritual forms,including the public spirituality,into the practice of sensual production and the social-historical process for a dialectical understanding,which reveals the roots,qualities,forms of existence and transcendental paths of the public spirituality.The public spirituality from the perspective of historical materialism achieves dual transcendence of the public spirituality centered on morality,which is devoid of individual subjectivity,and that based on contracts,which is rooted in individual subjectivity.It implies a redefinition of the form of the public spirituality,which intrinsically calls for fundamental change in the basis of practice,in social relations and in the way of thinking.

关 键 词：公共精神 历史唯物主义 主体性 实践 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]